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. 2023 Apr 17;13:6256. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33086-2

Figure 5.

Figure 5

SGLT2 inhibition reduces NPs induced oxidative stress and prevents endothelial dysfunction. (a) Representative fluorescence microscopy images of DCF‐DA in live adherent ECs with corresponding 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining after the 24 h treatment of NPs (10 μg/mL) alone or with ENA (0.01, 0.1, 1 μM); scale bar = 500 μM. (b) Quantification of relative DCF-DA fluorescence intensity measured as a percentage of control. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 5–6). *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 versus PC (complete media + NPs 10 μg/mL); ###p < 0.001 versus NC (complete media). (c) Representative microscopy images of ethidium fluorescence in arterial rings; scale bar = 100 μM. (d-f) Representative immunoblots of Nox2, p22phox (upper band) and eNOS proteins with their corresponding cumulative data. Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus PC; #p < 0.05; ###p < 0.001 vs. NC. (g) Concentration-relaxation curve in response to BK after 24 h treatment with NPs (10 μg/mL) alone or with ENA (0.1 and 1 μM). Data are the mean ± SEM (n = 7–13). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 versus PC; ###p < 0.001 versus NC.