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. 2023 Apr 17;14:2182. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37968-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a–c Representative images (ipsilateral side) and summary showing that unilateral optogenetic stimulation of VP ChAT (ChAT) neurons increased the number of c-Fos-positive ChAT neurons (red + green) and non-ChAT neurons (red only) in the VP on both sides. b ChAT neurons. Contralateral: t = 2.46, df = 28, P = 0.02. Ipsilateral: t = 12.99, df = 28, P < 0.0001. c non-ChAT neurons. Contralateral: t = 7.61, df = 28, P < 0.0001. Ipsilateral: t = 5.28, df = 28, P < 0.0001). No light: n = 15 sections; light: n = 15 sections. All from five mice in each group. d–g Mechanical PWT and thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) on hind paws before (off), during (on) (between 1–3 min light on), and after (off) (10 min after light off) illumination of the VP in ChR2 mice (n = 15) and eYFP mice (n = 9). d Contralateral: F_{(1.817, 25.44)} = 92.75, P < 0.001. t = 11.33, df = 14, P < 0.001, off vs on. Ipsilateral: F_{(1.357, 18.99)} = 71.08, P < 0.001. t = 15.92, df = 14, P < 0.001, off vs on. e eYFP mice. Contralateral: F_{(1.422, 11.37)} = 1.43, P = 0.27. Ipsilateral: F_{(1.893, 15.14)} = 3.01, P = 0.08. f Contralateral: F_{(1.988, 27.83)} = 94.43, P < 0.001. t = 12.01, df = 14, P < 0.001, off vs on. Ipsilateral: F_{(1.723, 24.12)} = 88.83, P < 0.001. t = 8.44, df = 14, P < 0.001, off vs on. g Contralateral: F_{(1.738, 13.90)} = 1.60, P = 0.24. Ipsilateral: F_{(1.325, 10.60)} = 0.17, P = 0.84. One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni tests were used for (d–g). Two-tailed t-tests were used for (b, c). **P < 0.01; ns not significant. Contra contralateral, Ipsi ipsilateral.