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. 2023 Apr 17;14:2182. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37968-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, b Schematic diagram and a representative image out of 9 for optogenetic (NpHR) inhibition of VP ChAT neurons. c Establishment of pain mouse models. d, e PWT and PWL for both hind paws of NpHR (n = 9) and eGFP (n = 8) mice before, during, and after yellow-light illumination of the right VP, corresponding to before and 24, 48, 72 h after CFA injection. f, g PWT and PWL on the left hind paw of NpHR (n = 8) and eYFP (n = 7) mice before and during yellow light in the right VP in SNI mice. f NpHR: F_{(1.060, 7.420)} = 53.90, P = 0.0001; t = 8.24, df = 7, P = 0.0001, baseline vs SNI; t = 8.75, df = 7, P < 0.001, SNI vs SNI-VP-light. eYFP: F_{(1.002, 6.010)} = 67.52, P = 0.0002; t = 8.19, df = 6, P = 0.0004, baseline vs SNI; t = 0.39, df = 6, P = 0.71, SNI vs SNI-VP-light. g NpHR: F_{(1.321, 9.245)} = 104.3, P < 0.0001; t = 14.98, df = 7, P < 0.0001, baseline vs SNI; t = 14.14, df = 7, P < 0.001, SNI vs SNI-VP-light. eYFP: F_{(1.224, 7.346)} = 236.40, P < 0.0001; t = 14.97, df = 6, P < 0.0001, baseline vs SNI; t = 0.45, df = 6, P = 0.67, SNI vs SNI-VP-light. h–j Representative images and summary showing NpHR-labeled VP ChAT neurons and c-Fos-positive VP neurons from saline (n = 6), CFA (n = 6), and CFA-VP-light (n = 6) mice. k–m Representative images and summary showing NpHR-labeled VP ChAT neurons and c-Fos-positive ChAT and non-ChAT neurons in the VP from Sham (n = 9), SNI (n = 9), and SNI-VP-light (n = 9) mice. One-way repeated-measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni tests and Geisser–Greenhouse corrections were used for (d–g). One-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni tests were used for (i, j, l, m). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns not significant. Contra contralateral, Ipsi ipsilateral.