TABLE 1.
Characteristics among adults with/without gout.
| Variable | Overall | Individuals without gout | Individuals with gout | P-value |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.29 (0.31) | 45.80 (0.30) | 59.50 (0.70) | <0.001 |
| n-3 PUFA rich seafood intake, oz/day, mean (SD) | 0.19 (0.01) | 0.19 (0.01) | 0.29 (0.06) | 0.100 |
| n-3 PUFA poor seafood intake, oz/day, mean (SD) | 0.48 (0.02) | 0.46 (0.02) | 0.78 (0.13) | 0.020 |
| Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Female | 5,894 (48.83) | 5,777 (49.69) | 117 (25.57) | |
| Male | 6,611 (51.17) | 6,189 (50.31) | 422 (74.43) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 1,718 (7.21) | 1,687 (7.37) | 31 (2.71) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,370 (9.18) | 2,240 (9.13) | 130 (10.52) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6,071 (73.18) | 5,771 (72.95) | 300 (79.17) | |
| Other Hispanic | 1,202 (4.71) | 1,169 (4.81) | 33 (2.13) | |
| Other race (including multi-racial) | 1,144 (5.73) | 1,099 (5.74) | 45 (5.47) | |
| Income, n (%) | 0.570 | |||
| Poor | 2,275 (11.75) | 2,178 (11.74) | 97 (12.22) | |
| Near poor | 4,841 (32.48) | 4,631 (32.58) | 210 (29.86) | |
| Not poor | 5,389 (55.76) | 5,157 (55.68) | 232 (57.91) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.790 | |||
| Less than high school | 2,259 (11.64) | 2,162 (11.63) | 97 (11.73) | |
| High school graduate/GED | 2,737 (20.39) | 2,602 (20.34) | 135 (21.88) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 3,951 (32.94) | 3,784 (32.90) | 167 (33.96) | |
| College graduate or more | 3,558 (35.03) | 3,418 (35.12) | 140 (32.43) | |
| BMI, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 168 (35.14) | 164 (1.31) | 4 (0.40) | |
| Normal (≥18.5 and ≤24.9) | 3,530 (1.28) | 3,442 (30.08) | 88 (13.97) | |
| Overweight (>24.9 and <30) | 4,247 (34.08) | 4,074 (34.14) | 173 (32.48) | |
| Obese (≥30) | 4,560 (29.5) | 4,286 (34.47) | 274 (53.15) | |
| CKD, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10,706 (88.19) | 10,372 (88.92) | 334 (68.65) | |
| Yes | 1,799 (11.81) | 1,594 (11.08) | 205 (31.35) | |
| DM, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| DM | 1,858 (11.5) | 1,660 (10.76) | 198 (31.50) | |
| IFG | 540 (4.5) | 503 (4.31) | 37 (9.47) | |
| IGT | 507 (3.75) | 478 (3.75) | 29 (3.89) | |
| No | 9,600 (80.25) | 9,325 (81.18) | 275 (55.13) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 7,622 (64.65) | 7,514 (66.21) | 108 (22.76) | |
| Yes | 4,883 (35.35) | 4,452 (33.79) | 431 (77.24) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Former | 3,219 (26.35) | 2,990 (25.70) | 229 (43.73) | |
| Never | 6,417 (52.71) | 6,204 (53.13) | 213 (41.34) | |
| Current | 2,869 (20.95) | 2,772 (21.17) | 97 (14.92) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mild | 6,166 (49.48) | 5,844 (49.10) | 322 (59.51) | |
| Moderate | 2,797 (23.3) | 2,710 (23.61) | 87 (14.97) | |
| Heavy | 3,542 (27.22) | 3,412 (27.28) | 130 (25.53) |
SD, standard deviation; n-3 PUFA, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; oz, ounce; GED, General Education Development; AA degree, Associate of Arts; BMI, body mass index; HUA, hyperuricemia; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.