Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of matched cohorts. Values are number (percentage) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Oral bisphosphonate group (n=21038) | Denosumab group (n=4301) | Standardized difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| New users: | |||
| Incident new users | 4802 (22.8) | 961 (22.3) | |
| Switched to denosumab from oral bisphosphonate | 16 236 (77.2) | 3340 (77.7) | |
| Period of cohort entry: | 0.01 | ||
| 2011-13 | 3976 (18.9) | 804 (18.7) | |
| 2014-16 | 8962 (42.6) | 1819 (42.3) | |
| 2017-19 | 6101 (29.0) | 1256 (29.2) | |
| 2020-21 | 1999 (9.5) | 422 (9.8) | |
| Mean (SD) age at cohort entry (years) | 75.7 (11.0) | 75.7 (9.9) | 0.007 |
| Women | 19 766 (94.0) | 4055 (94.3) | 0.01 |
| Residential care | 998 (4.7) | 200 (4.7) | 0.004 |
| Mean (SD) Townsend deprivation index score | 2.19 (1.47) | 2.19 (1.47) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index category: | 0.02 | ||
| Normal | 8612 (40.9) | 1766 (41.1) | |
| Obese | 2224 (10.6) | 450 (10.5) | |
| Overweight | 5466 (26.0) | 1109 (25.8) | |
| Underweight | 3470 (16.5) | 729 (16.9) | |
| Unknown | 1266 (6.0) | 247 (5.7) | |
| Smoking status: | 0.02 | ||
| Current | 1961 (9.3) | 420 (9.8) | |
| Former | 5722 (27.2) | 1169 (27.2) | |
| Never | 12 896 (61.3) | 2626 (61.1) | |
| Unknown | 459 (2.2) | 86 (2.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption status: | 0.02 | ||
| Current | 12 561 (59.7) | 2551 (59.3) | |
| Former | 778 (3.7) | 161 (3.7) | |
| Never | 5793 (27.5) | 1219 (28.3) | |
| Unknown | 1906 (9.1) | 370 (8.6) | |
| Mean (SD) duration of bisphosphonate use (years) | 5.4 (4.9) | 5.6 (5.1) | 0.04 |
| History of major osteoporotic fracture* | 10 457 (49.7) | 2169 (50.4) | 0.01 |
| Comorbidities before cohort entry: | |||
| Hypertension | 10 532 (50.1) | 2147 (49.9) | 0.003 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 3346 (15.9) | 670 (15.6) | 0.009 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4249 (20.2) | 887 (20.6) | 0.01 |
| Dementia | 1090 (5.2) | 219 (5.1) | 0.004 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1831 (8.7) | 369 (8.6) | 0.004 |
| Congestive heart disease | 1007 (4.8) | 217 (5.0) | 0.01 |
| Myocardial infarction | 863 (4.1) | 182 (4.2) | 0.006 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1123 (5.3) | 246 (5.7) | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 736 (3.5) | 152 (3.5) | 0.002 |
| Other circulation diseases | 8544 (40.6) | 1780 (41.4) | 0.02 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 1494 (7.1) | 297 (6.9) | 0.008 |
| Anxiety | 3761 (17.9) | 795 (18.5) | 0.02 |
| Depression | 3381 (16.1) | 694 (16.1) | 0.002 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1223 (5.8) | 268 (6.2) | 0.02 |
| Renal disease | 4494 (21.4) | 936 (21.8) | 0.01 |
| Cancer | 3388 (16.1) | 694 (16.1) | 0.001 |
| Drugs used in 2 years before cohort entry: | |||
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | 11 460 (54.5) | 2361 (54.9) | 0.008 |
| Antihypertensive | 12159 (57.8) | 2497 (58.1) | 0.005 |
| Statin | 6958 (33.1) | 1417 (32.9) | 0.003 |
| Aspirin | 3860 (18.3) | 797 (18.5) | 0.005 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 1672 (7.9) | 333 (7.7) | 0.008 |
| Glucocorticoid | 5700 (27.1) | 1188 (27.6) | 0.01 |
| Benzodiazepine | 3416 (16.2) | 704 (16.4) | 0.004 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 11 451 (54.4) | 2322 (54.0) | 0.009 |
| SSRI | 440 (2.1) | 100 (2.3) | 0.02 |
| Healthcare utilization in 2 years before cohort entry: | |||
| Mean (SD) No of hospital admissions | 2.1 (3.9) | 2.1 (3.5) | 0.008 |
| No of doctor visits: | 0.02 | ||
| 0-1 | 3192 (15.2) | 639 (14.9) | |
| 2-4 | 4528 (21.5) | 914 (21.3) | |
| 5-8 | 5124 (24.4) | 1042 (24.2) | |
| ≥9 | 8194 (38.9) | 1706 (39.7) | |
SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
*
Include fractures at the hip, vertebrae, wrist, humerus, pelvis, and rib.