Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Analytic Cohort by Sex.
| Variables | Individualsa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Men | Women | |
| Patients | 253 211 (100.0) | 134 385 (53.1) | 118 826 (46.9) |
| Age at study entry, mean (SD) [range], y | 61.5 (9.4) [50.0-100.9] | 61.2 (9.1) [50.0-97.9] | 61.9 (9.6) [50.0-100.9] |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 44 390 (17.5) | 23 229 (17.3) | 21 161 (17.8) |
| Black | 25 163 (9.9) | 11 784 (8.8) | 13 379 (11.3) |
| Hispanic | 37 002 (14.6) | 19 306 (14.4) | 17 696 (14.9) |
| White | 128 099 (50.6) | 70 597 (52.5) | 57 502 (48.8) |
| Otherb | 14 857 (5.9) | 7251 (5.4) | 7606 (6.4) |
| Missing | 3700 (1.5) | 2218 (1.7) | 1482 (1.2) |
| Diabetes complications | |||
| Severe hypoglycemic event | 930 (0.4) | 444 (0.3) | 486 (0.4) |
| Severe hyperglycemic event | 3886 (1.5) | 2154 (1.6) | 1732 (1.5) |
| Myocardial infarction | 4430 (1.7) | 2999 (2.2) | 1431 (1.2) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 7009 (2.8) | 4318 (3.2) | 2691 (2.3) |
| Stroke | 7296 (2.9) | 3789 (2.8) | 3507 (3.0) |
| Neuropathy | 13 957 (5.5) | 5926 (4.4) | 8031 (6.8) |
| Nephropathy | 21 580 (8.5) | 11 780 (8.8) | 9800 (8.2) |
| Retinopathy | 31 212 (12.3) | 16 465 (12.3) | 14 747 (12.4) |
| Reason for end of follow-up | |||
| Death | 39 266 (15.5) | 22 548 (16.8) | 16 718 (14.1) |
| Dementia | 21 139 (8.3) | 9910 (7.4) | 11 229 (9.4) |
| Membership dropout | 53 881 (21.3) | 29 329 (21.8) | 24 552 (20.7) |
| Administrative censoring | 138 925 (54.9) | 72 598 (54.0) | 66 327 (55.8) |
| Age at dementia diagnosis, mean (SD) [range], y | 79.8 (8.0) [53.2-109.0] | 79.2 (7.9) [53.2-109.0] | 80.3 (8.0) [53.3-106.8] |
| HbA1c measurements over follow-up period, mean (SD) [range], No. | 11.6 (10.0) [1-126] | 11.4 (10.0) [1-126] | 11.7 (10.1) [1-122] |
Abbreviation: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of individuals unless otherwise indicated.
b
Other race and ethnicity was not broken down further due to small proportions.