Table 3. Cumulative Glycemic Exposure and Risk of Dementia.
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, race and ethnicity, and sex | Age, race and ethnicity, sex, and baseline health conditionsa | Age, race and ethnicity, sex, baseline health conditions, and number of HbA1c measurementsa | |
| HbA1c measurements <6%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 1.04 (1.00-1.09) | 1.06 (1.02-1.11) | 1.07 (1.02-1.11) |
| 25 to <75 | 0.95 (0.91-0.99) | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) |
| ≥75 | 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 0.93 (0.87-0.99) | 0.93 (0.87-0.99) |
| HbA1c measurements 6% to <7%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 0.94 (0.90-0.99) | 0.97 (0.92-1.01) | 0.97 (0.92-1.01) |
| 25 to <75 | 0.82 (0.80-0.85) | 0.86 (0.83-0.89) | 0.86 (0.83-0.89) |
| ≥75 | 0.69 (0.66-0.72) | 0.73 (0.70-0.76) | 0.73 (0.70-0.76) |
| HbA1c measurements 7% to <8%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 1.10 (1.06-1.15) | 1.10 (1.05-1.14) | 1.10 (1.05-1.14) |
| 25 to <75 | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) |
| ≥75 | 0.93 (0.87-1.00) | 0.91 (0.85-0.98) | 0.91 (0.85-0.98) |
| HbA1c measurements 8% to <9%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 1.18 (1.14-1.22) | 1.16 (1.12-1.20) | 1.16 (1.12-1.20) |
| 25 to <75 | 1.26 (1.21-1.31) | 1.20 (1.16-1.25) | 1.20 (1.16-1.25) |
| ≥75 | 1.12 (0.98-1.27) | 1.04 (0.91-1.19) | 1.04 (0.91-1.19) |
| HbA1c measurements 9% to <10%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 1.32 (1.27-1.37) | 1.28 (1.23-1.33) | 1.28 (1.23-1.33) |
| 25 to <75 | 1.37 (1.30-1.44) | 1.30 (1.24-1.37) | 1.30 (1.23-1.37) |
| ≥75 | 1.43 (1.20-1.70) | 1.33 (1.11-1.58) | 1.32 (1.11-1.58) |
| HbA1c measurements ≥10%, % | |||
| <10 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 10 to <25 | 1.26 (1.20-1.31) | 1.23 (1.18-1.29) | 1.23 (1.18-1.29) |
| 25 to <75 | 1.56 (1.49-1.63) | 1.51 (1.44-1.58) | 1.51 (1.44-1.58) |
| ≥75 | 1.76 (1.60-1.93) | 1.68 (1.53-1.84) | 1.68 (1.53-1.84) |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HR, hazard ratio.
SI conversion factor: To convert percentage of total hemoglobin to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01.
a
Each of the following baseline health conditions was adjusted for in the model: history of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic events, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, stroke, and retinopathy.