Table 4.
Women economic rights and growth (OLS and MLE results for global sample)
| Variables | OLS | OLS | MLE | MLE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women economic rights | 0.634*** | 0.555*** | 0.595*** | 0.415*** |
| 0.109 | (0.119) | (0.138) | (0.140) | |
| Lag of log GDP percapita | −0.444 | −0.873*** | −1.262*** | −1.392*** |
| 0.0658 | (0.0978) | (0.151) | (0.151) | |
| Trade | 0.0117*** | 0.0113*** | 0.0167*** | 0.0166*** |
| 0.00148 | 0.00159 | 0.0025 | 0.002 | |
| Consumption expenditure | −0.0516 | −0.0505*** | −0.064*** | −0.0551*** |
| 0.0051 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.006 | |
| Life expectancy | 0.0705*** | 0.070*** | 0.127*** | |
| 0.0104 | 0.0132 | 0.0162 | ||
| Human rights variable | ||||
| Disappearance | – | Yes | – | Yes |
| Extrajudicial killing | – | Yes | – | Yes |
| Political imprisonment | – | Yes | – | Yes |
| Torture | – | Yes | – | Yes |
| Freedom of assembly and association | – | Yes | – | Yes |
| Regional dummies | – | Yes | – | |
| Time dummies | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 7.842*** | 6.466*** | 10.17*** | 7.388*** |
| 0.779 | (0.911) | 1.258 | (1.511) | |
| Observations | 5756 | 5756 | ||
| R2 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.81 |
Robust standard errors in parentheses by using MLE method of estimation
*, ** and *** represent the level of significance at 1%, 5% and 10%
Panel dimension: time = 1960–2016, countries: 171 in total
Definition of human rights variables is given in the data section