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. 2023 Feb 27;12(5):e027755. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027755

Table 2.

Hazard Ratios and 95% CIs for the Risk of CVD According to History of Infertility Among 103 729 Women (NHSII, 1989–2017)

Ever reported infertility
No Yes
CVD§ , || , (stroke+CHD)
Events, no 1489 761
Person‐years 1 675 650 730 114
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.08 (0.99–1.18)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.09 (0.99–1.19)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.05 (0.96–1.15)
CHD§ , ||
Events, n 966 534
Person‐years 1 676 149 730 334
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.16 (1.05–1.29)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.18 (1.06–1.32)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.13 (1.01–1.26)
MI§
Events, n 512 270
Person‐years 1 676 709 730 670
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.10 (0.95–1.28)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.13 (0.96–1.31)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.08 (0.93–1.27)
Coronary revascularization||
Events, n 625 359
Person‐years 1 676 449 730 489
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.22 (1.07–1.39)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.25 (1.09–1.43)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.18 (1.03–1.35)
Stroke
Events, n 531 231
Person‐years 1 676 650 730 691
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 0.92 (0.79–1.07)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 0.93 (0.79–1.09)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 0.91 (0.77–1.07)

BMI indicates body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ICD‐8, International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision; MI, myocardial infarction; and NHSII, Nurses’ Health Study II.

*

Models were jointly stratified by age (months) and calendar time (months).

Model 1 additionally adjusted for age at menarche (<12, 12, 13, ≥14 years of age), White Non‐Hispanic race and ethnicity (yes, no), marital status (ever married, never), daily aspirin use (yes, no), oral contraceptive use (never, past, current), gravidity (≤1, 2, 3, or ≥4 pregnancies), BMI at age 18 years (<19, 20.5–21.9, 22–24.9, 25–29.9, or ≥30 kg/m2), and breastfeeding duration (<3, 3–12, or >12 months).

Model 2 is additionally adjusted for time‐varying BMI (<24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, or ≥35 kg/m2), cigarette smoking status and current dose (never, past, current 1–34 cigarettes/d, current ≥35 cigarettes/d), physical activity (0, 0.1–1.0, 1.1–2.4, 2.5–5.9, or ≥6 h/wk), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 diet quality score (quintiles).

§

Fatal and nonfatal MI and fatal coronary heart disease (ICD‐8: 410, 412).

||

Self‐reported coronary artery bypass grafting/angioplasty/stent.

Fatal and nonfatal cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack (ICD‐8: 430–437).