Skip to main content
. 2023 Feb 27;12(5):e027755. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.027755

Table 4.

Hazard Ratios and 95% CIs for the Risk of CHD According to Conditions That Were Reported to be the Cause of Infertility (NHSII, 1989–2017)

Attributed causes of infertility Ever reported infertility diagnosis
No§ Yes||
Ovulatory disorder
Events, no. 966 161
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.35 (1.14–1.60)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.32 (1.11–1.56)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.28 (1.05–1.55)
Endometriosis
Events, n 966 87
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.25 (1.00–1.56)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.36 (1.08–1.70)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.42 (1.09–1.85)
Cervical mucus disorder
Events, n 966 22
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 0.93 (0.61–1.43)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.00 (0.65–1.53)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 0.98 (0.61–1.57)
Tubal blockage
Events, n 966 49
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 0.97 (0.73–1.30)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 0.99 (0.74–1.32)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 0.95 (0.69–1.31)
Spouse or partner factors
Events, n 966 92
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.11 (0.90–1.38)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.16 (0.93–1.45)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.12 (0.87–1.44)
Other cause
Events, n 966 84
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.25 (1.00–1.56)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.27 (1.01–1.59)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.20 (0.94–1.54)
Cause not found
Events, n 966 93
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 0.97 (0.78–1.20)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.01 (0.82–1.26)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.01 (0.81–1.27)
Cause not investigated
Events, n 966 129
Age‐adjusted model* 1.00 [Referent] 1.11 (0.92–1.34)
Multivariable model 1 1.00 [Referent] 1.10 (0.91–1.32)
Multivariable model 2 1.00 [Referent] 1.04 (0.86–1.26)

CHD includes fatal and nonfatal MI (ICD‐8: 410), fatal coronary heart disease (ICD‐8: 412), and self‐reported coronary artery bypass grafting/angioplasty/stent. BMI indicates body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; ICD‐8, International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision; MI, myocardial infarction; and NHSII, Nurses’ Health Study II.

*

Models were jointly stratified by age (months) and calendar time (months).

Model 2 additionally adjusted for age at menarche (<12, 12, 13, ≥14 years of age), White Non‐Hispanic race and ethnicity (yes, no), marital status (ever married, never), daily aspirin use (yes, no), oral contraceptive use (never, past, current), gravidity (≤1, 2, 3, or ≥4 pregnancies), BMI at age 18 years (<19, 20.5–21.9, 22–24.9, 25–29.9, or ≥30 kg/m2), and breastfeeding duration (<3, 3–12, or >12 months).

Model 3 is additionally adjusted for current BMI (<24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, or ≥35 kg/m2), cigarette smoking status and current dose (never, past, current 1–34 cigarettes/d, current ≥35 cigarettes/d), physical activity (0, 0.1–1.0, 1.1–2.4, 2.5–5.9, or ≥6 h/wk), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 diet quality score (quintiles), and mutually adjusted for other infertility diagnoses.

§

Comparison group is gravid women without a history of any kind of infertility.

||

Attributed causes of infertility are not mutually exclusive.