Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics, Medication History, Holter Data, and New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation Based on PVC Burdens
| PVC daily count <1000 (N=14 097) | PVC daily count ≥1000 (N=1933) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR)/N (%)/Mean±SD | Median (IQR)/N (%)/Mean±SD | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, y | |||
| <60 | 7537 (53.47) | 912 (47.18) | <0.001 |
| ≥60 | 6560 (46.53) | 1021 (52.82) | |
| Mean ± SD | 56.9±17.7 | 59.9±16.2 | <0.001 |
| Male | 6208 (44.04) | 1024 (52.97) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 2743 (19.46) | 498 (25.75) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 6209 (44.04) | 961 (49.72) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 1029 (7.30) | 328 (16.97) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1272 (9.02) | 332 (17.18) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 993 (7.04) | 158 (8.17) | 0.071 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2168 (15.38) | 431 (22.30) | <0.001 |
| Alcoholism | 61 (0.43) | 13 (0.67) | 0.201 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 312 (2.21) | 38 (1.97) | 0.539 |
| Sleep apnea | 257 (1.82) | 36 (1.86) | 0.976 |
| Medication | |||
| Aspirin | 2689 (19.07) | 447 (23.12) | <0.001 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor | 962 (6.82) | 208 (10.76) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 1988 (14.10) | 401 (20.74) | <0.001 |
| Statin | 2396 (17.00) | 405 (20.95) | <0.001 |
| Class Ia AAD | 6 (0.04) | 1 (0.05) | 0.856 |
| Class Ib AAD | 588 (4.17) | 524 (27.11) | <0.001 |
| Class Ic AAD | 75 (0.53) | 20 (1.03) | 0.007 |
| Class III AAD | 197 (1.40) | 195 (10.09) | <0.001 |
| Beta blocker | 2711 (19.23) | 503 (26.02) | <0.001 |
| Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker | 607 (4.31) | 358 (18.52) | <0.001 |
| Holter data | |||
| PVC count | 4 (1–30) | 4685 (2032–11 421) | <0.001 |
| PVC burden | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 4.6 (20.1–11.2) | <0.001 |
| Premature atrial complex count | 15 (4–73) | 23 (4–159) | 0.205 |
| Subsequent Holter monitoring | 1.2±0.6 | 1.7±1.2 | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 70.3±9.2 | 65.1±13.2 | <0.001 |
| Left atrium diameter | 3.4±0.6 | 3.6±0.7 | <0.001 |
| Outcome | |||
| New‐onset atrial fibrillation | 339 (2.40) | 103 (5.33) | <0.001 |
| New‐onset ischemic stroke | 649 (4.60) | 104 (5.38) | 0.146 |
AAD indicates antiarrhythmic drug; IQR, interquartile range; and PVC, premature ventricular complex.