Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Subjects Categorized by the Location of fQRS
| fQRS groups | Non‐fQRS (N=657) | Inferior fQRS (N=220) | Anterior/lateral fQRS (N=83) | P value (ANOVA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 76.7±12.8 | 75.8±12.5 | 75.6±12.6 | 0.41 |
| Sex, male (%) | 238 (36.2%) | 86 (39.1%) | 33 (39.8%) | 0.52 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.6±5.5 | 25.3±5.7 | 24.4±11.2 | 0.04 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 139.5±32.3 | 146.1±32.8* | 138.8±34.3 | 0.02 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 72.6±17.5 | 74.4±18.8 | 73.5±19.8 | 0.41 |
| HR, bpm | 90.4±2.3 | 88.8±19.3 | 94.7±4.9 | 0.09 |
| History, n (%) | ||||
| Prior heart failure | 362 (55.1%) | 118 (53.6%) | 46 (55.4%) | 0.89 |
| Hypertension | 469 (71.4%) | 171 (77.7%) | 61 (73.5%) | 0.22 |
| Diabetes | 315 (47.9%) | 127 (58.0%) | 39 (47.0%) | 0.03 |
| Coronary artery disease | 215 (32.7%) | 76 (34.7%) | 34 (41.0%) | 0.31 |
| ESRD/hemodialysis | 72 (11.0%) | 26 (11.8%) | 16 (19.3%) | 0.16 |
| Hyperlipidemia treatment | 118 (18.0%) | 47 (21.4%) | 12 (14.5%) | 0.31 |
| Stroke | 111 (16.9%) | 39 (17.7%) | 17 (20.5%) | 0.71 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 132 (20.1%) | 36 (16.4%) | 24 (28.9%)† | 0.09 |
| PAD | 44 (6.7%) | 16 (7.3%) | 5 (6.0%) | 0.91 |
| Laboratory | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 170.1±108.1 | 184.5±114.6 | 192.4±131.3 | 0.09 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 42.1±32.9 | 39.0±32.9 | 39.0±32.4 | 0.41 |
| ALT, μ/L | 52.7±108.0 | 78.6±200.4 | 87.3±261.1 | 0.03 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 131.0±8.4 | 129.9±7.7 | 129.2±9.2 | 0.10 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 5.2±1.2 | 5.4±1.3 | 5.6±1.3* | 0.007 |
| BNP, pg/mL (n=917)‡ | 554 [256, 1170] | 581 [246, 1330] | 893 [478, 2740]* , † | <0.001 |
| Troponin I (n=887)‡ | 0.03 [0.02, 0.1] | 0.04 [0.02, 0.12] | 0.06 [0.03, 0.23]* , † | 0.008 |
| QRS duration, ms | 92.3±15.0 | 94.2±15.3 | 97.8±17.3* | 0.005 |
| NYHA Fc | 0.061 | |||
| ≤II | 14.3% | 14.5% | 12.0% | |
| III | 62.2% | 60.0% | 49.4% | |
| IV | 23.4% | 25.4% | 38.6% | |
| Measurement | ||||
| LVEF, % | 64.7±6.3 | 64.8±6.7 | 64.1±7.1 | 0.66 |
| Prognostic nutritional score | 41.3±9.1 | 41.3±8.9 | 40.0±9.4 | 0.43 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| ACEI/ARB | 220 (33.5%) | 83 (37.7%) | 27 (32.5%) | 0.45 |
| β‐Blocker | 133 (20.2%) | 48 (21.8%) | 14 (16.8%) | 0.73 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 105 (16.0%) | 39 (17.7%) | 11 (13.3%) | 0.61 |
| Digoxin | 34 (5.2%) | 14 (6.4%) | 7 (8.4%) | 0.43 |
| Diuretics | 297 (45.2%) | 105 (47.7%) | 28 (33.7%) | 0.05 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD or percentage. ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin II‐receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide; bpm, beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end‐stage renal disease; fQRS, fragmented QRS; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
*
P<0.05 vs non‐fQRS.
†
P<0.05 vs inferior fQRS.
‡
Troponin‐I and BNP are expressed as median [25th percentile, 75th percentile].