Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample According to Alive and All‐Cause Death
| Characteristics | Total (N=5027) | All‐cause death (n=1172) | Alive (n=3855) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 63.9±11.1 | 73.5±8.9 | 61.0±10.1 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Men | 2341 (46.6) | 622 (35.1) | 1719 (44.6) | — |
| Women | 2686 (53.4) | 550 (46.9) | 2136 (55.4) | — |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%)* | 0.320 | |||
| White | 4375 (87.0) | 1030 (87.9) | 3345 (86.8) | — |
| Other | 652 (13.0) | 142 (12.1) | 510 (13.2) | — |
| Body weight, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Obesity | 1540 (30.9) | 315 (27.2) | 1225 (32.0) | — |
| Overweight | 2121 (42.6) | 488 (42.2) | 1633 (42.7) | — |
| Normal | 1320 (26.5) | 353 (30.6) | 967 (25.3) | — |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Current | 487 (9.7) | 114 (9.7) | 373 (9.7) | — |
| Former | 2210 (44.1) | 576 (49.3) | 1634 (42.5) | — |
| Never | 2316 (46.2) | 479 (41.0) | 1837 (47.8) | — |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| At least 1 drink per day | 2014 (42.8) | 404 (35.5) | 1610 (45.1) | — |
| None | 2691 (57.2) | 733 (64.5) | 1958 (54.9) | — |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| MI | 341 (6.8) | 177 (15.1) | 164 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 140 (2.8) | 101 (8.6) | 39 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 153 (3.0) | 70 (6.0) | 83 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 59 (1.2) | 27 (2.3) | 32 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 75 (1.5) | 92 (7.8) | 7 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 367 (7.3) | 179 (15.3) | 188 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2031 (40.4) | 713 (60.8) | 1318 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Lipid‐lowering medication use, n (%) | 634 (12.6) | 165 (14.1) | 469 (12.2) | 0.084 |
| Benzodiazepine use, n (%) | 284 (5.6) | 94 (8.0) | 190 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Sleep duration, h | ||||
| Objective | 6.0±1.1 | 5.7±1.1 | 6.1±1.0 | <0.001 |
| Self‐reported weekday | 7.4±1.2 | 7.6±1.4 | 7.3±1.1 | <0.001 |
| Self‐reported weekend | 7.7±1.3 | 7.7±1.5 | 7.7±1.2 | 0.871 |
| AHI, events/h | 10.1±13.4 | 12.4±15.0 | 9.4±12.8 | <0.001 |
| T90, % | 3.6±10.6 | 6.4±15.2 | 2.8±8.6 | <0.001 |
| Follow‐up time, y | 10.7±3.0 | 6.9±3.2 | 11.9±1.7 | <0.001 |
Results are presented as mean±SD or number (percentage). The P values represent the difference between the 2 groups. AHI indicates apnea‐hypopnea index; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; and T90, oxygen desaturation <90%.
*
White did not include Hispanic or Latino participants. Other race and ethnicity categories included Black, Native American or Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic or Latino.