TABLE 4.
Daily nutrient intakes by previous day breakfast status (N = 512)
| Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrient1 | Previous day skipper2 | Previous day consumer3 | Difference, (95% CI)4 | RDA/AI5 | % of RDA/AI6 | |
| Calories (kcal)7,8 | 1461 | 1775 | −314 (−503, −126) | N/A | ||
| Protein (g) | 76.9 | 77.1 | −0.2 (−8.2, 7.7) | 46 g | 0.4% | |
| Total fat (g)7 | 69.7 | 64.7 | 5.0 (0.5, 9.3) | N/A | ||
| Saturated fat (mg)7 | 21.5 | 24.4 | −2.9 (−5.2, −0.6) | N/A | ||
| Total monounsaturated fats (g) | 25.2 | 23.6 | 1.6 (−0.5, 3.7) | N/A | ||
| Total polyunsaturated fats (g) | 14.0 | 13.8 | 0.3 (−1.6, 2.2) | N/A | ||
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (mg) | 30.4 | 39.2 | −8.8 (−67.0, 49.4) | N/A | ||
| Docosahexaenoic acid (mg) | 61.8 | 80.4 | −18.6, (−111.4, 74.2) | N/A | ||
| Total carbohydrates (g) | 204.2 | 215.9 | −11.8 (−25.8, 2.3) | 130 g | 9.1% | |
| Total sugar (g) | 73.3 | 85.4 | −12.2 (−24.5, 0.1) | N/A | ||
| Add sugars (tsp equivalents) | 9.4 | 10.9 | −1.4 (−4.1, 1.2) | N/A | ||
| Fiber (g) | 15.5 | 15.7 | −0.2 (−2.1., 1.8) | 26 g | 0.8% | |
| Calcium (mg) | 771.7 | 770.7 | 1.1 (−101.6, 103.7) | 1300 mg | 0.1% | |
| Iron (mg) | 11.9 | 12.2 | −0.3(−1.4, 0.8) | 15 mg | 2.0% | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 242.7 | 254.8 | −12.2 (−36.2, 11.9) | 360 mg | 3.4% | |
| Potassium (mg) | 2237.9 | 2282.5 | −44.6 (−245.3, 156.2) | 4700 mg | 0.9% | |
| Sodium (mg)7 | 3206.7 | 2871.2 | 335.6 (48.5, 622.7) | 1500 mg | 22.4% | |
| Zinc (mg) | 10.5 | 10.1 | 0.4 (−1.0, 1.8) | 9 mg | 4.4% | |
| Vitamin C (mg)7 | 68.7 | 90.4 | −21.7 (−43.2, −0.2) | 65 mg | 33.4% | |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) (mg) | 1.5 | 1.6 | −0.1(−0.3, 0.1) | 1.0 mg | 10.0% | |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) (mg) | 1.5 | 1.6 | −0.1 (−0.2, 0.1) | 1.0 mg | 10.0% | |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) (mg) | 21.0 | 21.6 | −0.6 (−3.4, 2.1) | 14 mg | 4.3% | |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) (mg) | 1.50 | 1.54 | −0.04 (−0.24, 0.15) | 1.2 mg | 3.3% | |
| Folate (mcg) | 305.9 | 306.3 | −0.4 (−34.7, 33.9) | 400 mcg | 0.1% | |
| Vitamin B12 (mcg) | 3.65 | 3.73 | −0.07 (−0.90, 0.76) | 2.4 mcg | 2.9% | |
| Vitamin A (mcg, RAE) | 488.3 | 524.1 | −36.6 (−110.1, 36.9) | 700 mcg | 5.2% | |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 7.19 | 7.97 | −0.78 (−1.9, 0.34) | 15 mg | 5.2% | |
| Vitamin K (mg) | 93.1 | 93.2 | −0.1 (−27.9, 27.7) | 75 mcg | 0.1% | |
| Choline (mg) | 250.5 | 277.4 | −26.9 (−66.0, 12.1) | 400 mg | 6.7% | |
Models were adjusted for calories (continuous), previous day breakfast skipper status (yes/no), habitual skipper status (skipped ≥4 d in previous week), sex (male/female), age (continuous), ethnicity (White/non-White), importance of healthy eating rating (continuous), physical health rating (continuous), mental health rating (continuous), usual number of days physically active (continuous), nutritional knowledge score (continuous), vegetarian status (yes/no), parental highest education (continuous), and neighborhood income (per $10,000; continuous).
Nutrient for which its intake was being assessed via multivariable linear regression.
Mean intake of nutrients for those who did not report a breakfast on their 24-h recall, as assessed via multivariable linear regression.
Mean intake of nutrients for those who reported a breakfast on their 24-h recall, as assessed via multivariable linear regression.
Difference in nutrient intake amounts for skippers versus consumers and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
Reference daily intake for each nutrient or, when not yet established, the recommended dietary allowance for a female aged 14–18 y. If neither, N/A is written.
Absolute difference of each nutrient’s intake between skippers and consumers, divided by the recommendations (RDA or AI), expressed in percentage.
P < 0.05.
Not adjusted for calories.