Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients at the beginning of the intervention.
| Variable | TRF group (n = 13) | CD group (n = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male)% | 7 (53.9) | 7 (50.0) | 1.000 |
| Age (years) | 51.8 ± 7.7 | 52.5 ± 11.3 | 0.847 |
| Primary renal disease | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (30.8) | 5 (35.7) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension | 1 (7.7) | 2 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 2 (15.4) | 3 (21.4) | 1.000 |
| Other/unknown | 6 (46.2) | 4 (28.6) | 0.585 |
| CKD stage | |||
| Stage 3 | 9 (69.2) | 12 (85.7) | 0.385 |
| Stage 4 | 4 (30.8) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (30.8) | 7 (50.0) | 0.440 |
| Hypertension | 12 (92.3) | 10 (71.4) | 0.326 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8 (61.5) | 8 (57.1) | 1.000 |
| Hyperuricemia | 10 (76.9) | 10 (71.4) | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 2 (15.4) | 3 (21.4) | 1.000 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.7 ± 11.3 | 125.4 ± 15.7 | 0.325 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.9 ± 6.0 | 72.2 ± 9.1 | 0.007 |
| HR (beats/min) | 71.5 ± 10.7 | 76.1 ± 10.9 | 0.279 |
| Weight (kg) | 79.4 ± 10.6 | 73.3 ± 10.5 | 0.142 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 2.3 | 28.0 ± 2.4 | 0.151 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 36.7 ± 10.5 | 44.2 ± 10.2 | 0.074 |
| SCR (μmol/L) | 173.9 ± 52.5 | 144.1 ± 34.5 | 0.092 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 9.0 ± 3.2 | 8.9 ± 2.6 | 0.914 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 450 ± 110.7 | 399.1 ± 100.6 | 0.089 |
| PCR (g/g) | 0.724 ± 0.662 | 0.601 ± 0.466 | 0.580 |
| Cys-C (mg/L) | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.981 |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or number and proportion. TRF, time-restricted feeding; CD, control diet; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCR, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; PCR, urinary protein/creatinine; Cys-C, cystatin-C. p values < 0.05 are in boldface.