Table 3.
Comparison of changes between the TRF group and the CD group.
| Variable | ΔTRF (n=13) | ΔCD (n=14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 3.1 ± 5.3 | -0.8 ± 4.5 | 0.049a |
| SCR (μmol/L) | -10.9 ± 21.9 | 1.3 ± 14.9 | 0.101a |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 0.1 ± 2.3 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.559a |
| UA (μmol/L) | -70.8 ± 124.2 | 24.3 ± 76.5 | 0.023a |
| PCR (g/g) | 0.007 (-0.089, 0.328) | 0.052 (-0.037, 0.204) | 0.497b |
| Cys-C (mg/L) | -0.5 ± 0.4 | -0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.381a |
| Weight (kg) | -2.8 ± 2.9 | -0.4 ± 1.4 | 0.010a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | -1.1 ± 1.1 | -0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.013a |
| ALB (g/L) | 0.6 ± 2.5 | -1.7 ± 3.0 | 0.034a |
| TP (g/L) | 1.7 ± 2.5 | -0.1 ± 3.6 | 0.136a |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 1.2 (-0.2, 3.4) | 0.467b |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | -2.7 ± 3.5 | -0.6 ± 3.8 | 0.156a |
| CRP (mg/L) | -0.5 (-3.4, 0.9) | 0.5 (-0.5, 1.2) | 0.139b |
| Na (mmol/L) | 0.3 ± 1.8 | -0.4 ± 2.3 | 0.367a |
| P (mmol/L) | -0.04 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.11 | 0.015a |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 0.05 ± 0.11 | -0.00 ± 0.11 | 0.218a |
| K (mmol/L) | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.02 ± 0.37 | 0.261a |
| Cl (mmol/L) | -0.5 (-2.0, 0.2) | 0.2 (-0.6, 1.2) | 0.120b |
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.2 ± 12.0 | 2.6 ± 7.6 | 0.547a |
| DBP (mmHg) | -1.2 ± 6.7 | -0.6 ± 7.3 | 0.830a |
| HR (beats/min) | -1.0 (-8.5, 16.0) | 3.0 (-3.3, 9.0) | 0.827b |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 0.1 (-0.2, 0.6) | -0.3 (-1.2, 0.2) | 0.062b |
| TC (mmol/L) | -0.05 (-0.78, 0.41) | 0.03 (-0.21, 0.27) | 0.356b |
| TG (mmol/L) | -0.1 (-0.5, 0.2) | -0.1 (-0.4, 0.2) | 0.903b |
| LDL (mmol/L) | -0.21 (-0.73, 0.39) | 0.00 (-0.31, 0.30) | 0.152b |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 0.09 ± 0.20 | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0.407a |
| β-HB (mmol/L) | 0.01 (-0.03, 0.04) | 0.01 (-0.01, 0.03) | 0.961b |
| ALT (U/L) | 2.0 (-4.5, 8.0) | -2.5 (-5.8, -1.0) | 0.075b |
| AST (U/L) | 1.0 (-2.5, 6.5) | -2.0 (-6.0, 2.5) | 0.233b |
| WBC (10^9/L) | -0.1 ± 0.8 | -0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.957a |
| NEUT% | 1.0 ± 6.5 | -1.5 ± 6.8 | 0.339a |
| LYM% | -1.0 ± 5.5 | 0.2 ± 4.8 | 0.524a |
| RBC (10^12/L) | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.3 | 0.802a |
| HB (g/L) | 2.7 ± 8.9 | -0.6 ± 7.7 | 0.315a |
| PLT (10^9/L) | 3.2 ± 22.1 | 11.3 ± 25.3 | 0.388a |
| BFM (kg) | -1.8 ± 2.4 | -0.4 ± 1.8 | 0.119a |
| VFA (cm2) | -8.4 ± 12.1 | -4.8 ± 16.5 | 0.523a |
| FMI | -0.7 ± 0.9 | -0.2 ± 0.8 | 0.146a |
| PBF% | -1.0 ± 2.0 | -0.5 ± 2.5 | 0.592a |
| FFM (kg) | -1.1 ± 1.4 | 0.0 ± 1.6 | 0.066a |
| SLM (kg) | -1.0 ± 1.2 | 0.0 ± 1.5 | 0.055a |
| SMM (kg) | -0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 1.0 | 0.042a |
| TBW (L) | -0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 1.1 | 0.054a |
| ICW (L) | -0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.050a |
| ECW (L) | -0.3 ± 0.4 | -0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.142a |
| AC (cm) | -1.6 ± 1.2 | -0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.068a |
| TSF (cm) | -0.1 ± 0.7 | 0.0 ± 0.7 | 0.781a |
| WC (cm) | -1.9 ± 3.2 | 0.1 ± 3.1 | 0.110a |
| WHR | 0.00 ± 0.03 | -0.00 ± 0.04 | 0.871a |
| Left HGS (kg) | -1.1 ± 3.5 | -1.1 ± 2.0 | 0.936a |
| Right HGS (kg) | -2.0 ± 4.1 | -1.2 ± 3.3 | 0.569a |
| CI | -0.00 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.622a |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and 25th-75th interquartiles. TRF, time-restricted feeding; CD, control diet; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCR, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; PCR, urinary protein/creatinine; Cys-C, cystatin-C. BMI, body mass index; ALB, albumin; TP, total protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; CRP, C-reactive protein; Na, serum sodium; P, serum phosphorus; Ca, serum calcium; K, serum potassium; Cl, serum chlorine; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; β-HB, beta hydroxybutyric acid; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; WBC, white blood cells; NEUT%, neutrophilic granulocyte percentage; LYM%, lymphocyte percentage; RBC, red blood cells; HB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelets; BFM, body fat mass; VFA, visceral fat area; FMI, fat mass index; PBF, percentage of body fat; FFM, fat free mass; SLM, soft lean mass; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; TBW, total body water; ICW, intracellular water; ECW, extracellular water; AC, arm circumference; TSF, triceps skinfold thickness; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; HGS, handgrip strength; CI, conicity index. Δ represents difference, p values < 0.05 are in boldface. at-test. bMann-Whitney U test.