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. 2023 Mar 6;6(4):447–518. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00012

Table 2. Effects of Curcumin on Healthy Subjects and Various Diseases in Humansa.

Disease/Condition Curcumin Formulation No. of Patients Dose Duration Effects Refs
Healthy Subjects
Aged adults Theracur 40 2 × 90 mg/day 18 months Improved SRT, visual memory attention, ↓neurodegeneration (167)
CurcuRouge 39 90 mg/capsule 4 weeks ↓WBC count, neutrophil count, Neutrophil/lymphocyte (168)
Cureit 30 500 mg 3 months ↓Time taken to walk the same distance, ↑Handgrip strength, weight-lifting capacity, distance covered (169)
Healthy young males HydroCurc + maltodextrin 28 500 mg + 500 mg Single dose ↓Capillary lactate dehydrogenase (180)
Healthy and moderately active Cureit 30 500 mg Single dose ↓CK, VAS score, DOMS occurrence, ↑VO2 max (177)
Healthy older people Lipidated curcumin (Longvida) 80 400 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Fatigue score, ↑blood glucose, working memory, mood (178)
Healthy subjects, non-obese Curcumin + resveratrol + tea extract + pomegranate extract + quercetin + acetyl-l-carnitine + lipoic acid + sesamin + cinnamon bark + fish oil 56 900 mg + 100 mg + 800 mg 250 mg + 650 mg + 500 mg + 600 mg + 1 g + 1.7 g + 1 g 6 months No significant effect on metabolic and cardiovascular functions (194)
Recreationally active males and females Curcumin + piperine 23 2 g/day + 20 mg/day 11 days ↓Ubiquitin, MAFbx/atrogin-1, chymotrypsin-like protease, ↑DOMS time (179)
Untrained college-aged subjects Curcumin + fenugreek soluble fiber 47 190 mg/day + 300 mg/day 28 days ↑Neuromuscular fatigue threshold (181)
Firefighters Curcumin + heat 10 3 × 500 mg/dose prior to exercise ↑GSH (183)
Firefighters and military personnel Curcumin 14 1500 mg/day 4 days No significant effect (184)
Fertile women with regular menstrual cycle Encapsulated curcumin 80 800 mg 10 days ↓VEGF, ↑COX-2 (190)
Postmenopausal women Theracurmin 51 150 mg/day 8 weeks ↑Carotid arterial compliance (187)
Theracurmin + exercise
Curcumin 89 2 × 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Number of hot flashes (186)
Nanocurcumin 30 80 mg 6 months ↑miRNA-21 (188)
Nanocurcumin + Nigella sativa oil 30 80 mg + 1000 mg 6 months ↑miRNA-21
Curcumin 81 2 × 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓MDA, hs-CRP, ↑TAC (189)
Curcumin 14 0.4 g 4 trial visits Reduced bioavailability compared to turmeric powder (125)
Cur+ 24 250, 500 mg Single dose (3 times with 2 washout periods) ↑Bioavailability, no safety issues (191)
Healthy volunteers Curcumin + piperine 8 2 g+ 20 mg/kg Single dose Safe, ↑biovailability (139)
Curcumin powder 14 30 mg Single dose ↑Bioavailability (144)
Theracurmin 14 30 mg Single dose ↓Acetaldehyde, ↑bioavailability, alcohol intoxication (144)
Curcuminoid + piperine 8 16 g + 96 mg 2 days No significant effect on paracetamol metabolization (151)
Curcumin powder 12 323 mg Single dose ↑Absorption and bioavailability (145)
CLDM 12 64.6 mg Single dose (14 day period) ↑Absorption and bioavailability (145)
Curcumin 18 5 g – ↓Cardiovascular risk (157)
C3 complex 24 500–12,000 mg – Safe and tolerable (45)
C3 complex 12 10 and 12 g 0.25 to 72 h, single dose ↑Absorption (150)
CNTMF 45 500 mg Single dose No adverse effect, ↑bioavailability (126)
Curcumin capsule (with volatile oil) 45 500 mg Single dose No adverse effect, ↑bioavailability (126)
Curcumin capsule (phospholipid and cellulose) 45 500 mg Single dose ↑Bioavailability (126)
Theracurmin 9 182.4 ± 1.0 mg/7 days – ↑Absorption (149)
Meriva 9 152.5 ± 20.3 mg/7 days – ↑Absorption (149)
Curcumin 11 4 × 500 mg – ↑Absorption (148)
Curcumin (lecithin-piperine) 11 2000 mg – ↑Bioavailability, retention time (148)
Theracurmin 6 150 and 210 mg 24 h ↑Bioavailability (146)
C3 complex 15 8 g 24 h ↑Metabolites in urine (158)
Curcumin 8 2 g – ↑Sulphasalazine concentration, ↓BCRP (164)
Curcumin capsule 11 2 × 500 mg/day 2 weeks ↓Oxidative stress, inflammation, TNF-α, NF-κB (163)
Curcuminoids 24 500 mg/day 7 days Effective, ↑antioxidant capacity, cholesterol, triglycerides (162)
Curcuminoids 24 6 g/day 7 days Effective, ↑antioxidant capacity (162)
Curcumin (CP) 12 376 mg – Safe and well tolerated (128)
Curcumin (CHC) 12 376 mg – Safe and well tolerated (128)
Curcumin 12 1800 mg – Safe and well tolerated (128)
C3 extract 12 2920 mg (curcumin)/ day 6 days ↑Absorption (147)
Meriva 12 2 g/day 6 days ↑Absorption (147)
C3 complex + Bioperine 10 12 g + 60 mg – Safe, No significant effect (155)
Curcuminoids 38 4 g/day 30 days No significant effect on UGT (159)
Curcumin-loaded NLC 15 0.5% w/w 4 weeks ↓Hydration, NMF, urea, ↑TEWL skin penetration (171)
Curcumin (Meriva) 8 500 mg/day 3 days ↓TLR4 (172)
Curcumin 16 180 mg 4 days/week ↓PPBS, postprandial insulin (173)
Curcumin + fish oil 16 180 mg + 2 capsules 4 days/week ↓PPBS, postprandial insulin (173)
Curcumin 10 180 mg/day 7 days before exercise ↓IL-8, inflammation (176)
Curcumin 10 180 mg/day 7 days after ↓Muscle soreness, CK activity ↑MVC torque, ROM (176)
Cavacurcumin + ω-3 FA + astaxanthin + GLA + tocotrienols + hydroxytyrosol + vitamin D3 + potassium 80 500 mg + 675 mg + 3 mg + 9.5 mg + 12.5 mg + 6.25 mg + 1000 IU + 12.75 mg 4 weeks ↓IL-6, hs-CRP, SBP (174)
WEC + curcumin 47 30 mg 8 weeks ↑H2O content of the skin (185)
Curcumin + ferrous sulfate 155 500 mg + 18 or 65 mg of iron Single dose ↑Serum ion, TIBC, Hb, serum transferrin saturation, ↓UIBC (152)
Curcumin + asafetida (Actbiome) 30 2 × 250 mg/day 8 weeks ↓IL-10, GSRS score, stool frequency (175)
Iron + curcumin 155 18 mg + 500 mg/day 6 weeks ↑TBARS (192)
65 mg + 500 mg/day ↓TNF-α
Curcumin + piperine 16 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 7 days ↓IL-2, TNF-α, INF, IL-6, IL-10 (193)
Curcumin 18 2 × 500 mg/day 30 days ↓Audio-reaction time, choice-based visual reaction time, ↑Memory improvement (182)
Curcumin + galactomannan 18 2 × 500 mg/day 30 days ↓α/β ratio, audio-reaction time, choice-based visual reaction time (182)
↑α- and β-waves of EEG, memory improvement
↑Fecal bifidobacteria, lactobacilli
Middle-aged people Longvida 38 80 mg/day 4 weeks ↓TG, salivary amylase, Aβ protein, ICAM, ALT, ↑plasma catalase, MPO, plasma NO, scavenged radicals (156)
Curcumin capsules (with talinolol) 18 1000 mg/day 14 days ↑Plasma talinolol concentration (161)
Meriva 9 209 and 376 mg – ↑Absorption (59)
Curcuminoid micelle 42 294 mg/day 6 weeks Safe and highly bioavailable (154)
Curcumin (with talinolol) 12 300 mg/day 6 days ↓Bioavailibility of talinolol (160)
Curcumin 12 1800 mg – ↑Absorption (141)
Curcumin (CW8) 12 376 mg – ↑Absorption (141)
Curcumin phytosome formulation (CSL) 12 376 mg – ↑Absorption (141)
Curcumin (CEO) 12 376 mg – ↑Absorption (141)
Curcumin drink (Thera curmin) 24 30 mg/100 mL – ↑Absorption efficiency (142)
 
Autoimmune Diseases
Ankylosing spondylitis Nanocurcumin 24 80 mg/day 4 months ↓RORγt, IL-17, miR-141, miR-155, miR-200 (201)
Nanocurcumin 24 80 mg/kg 4 months ↓miR-17, miR-27, Il-6, ↑Treg cells, miR-146a, FOXP3, IL-10, TGF-β2 (420)
Psoriasis Curcumin 10 1% alcoholic gel 4 weeks ↓PhK activity, TRR, severity of parakeratosis, CD8+ T cells (211)
Meriva 63 2 g/day 12 weeks Effective, ↓serum IL-22 (209)
Nanocurcumin + acitretin 15 3 g/day + 0.4 mg/kg/day 12 weeks ↓PASI (208)
Rheumatic arthritis Acumin 36 2 x 250 mg/day, 3 months Safe and well tolerated, ↓Pain, inflammation, swollen joints, tender joints (202)
2 x 500 mg/day
Curcumin + ginger + black pepper 60 – 8 weeks ↓TJC, ESR, SJC, DAS score (204)
Nanocurcumin 10 20 mg/L, 50 mg/L 8 months ↓Inflammation (207)
Nanocurcumin 65 3 × 40 mg/day 12 weeks ↓DAS-28 score, TJC, SJC (206)
RA with chronic periodontitis Curcumin + essential oil 45 0.1% w/w 6 weeks ↓ESR, RF, CRP, ACPA, PI score, PD, CAL (205)
 
Cancer
Benign prostatic hyperplasia Curcumin + tamsulosin + finasteride 116 2.25 g/day + 0.2 g/day + 5 mg/day 6 months ↓Waist circumference, PPFT, PV IPSS-total, IPSS-V, IPSS-S (317)
↑Qmax, IIEF-5, QoL
Bladder Nanocurcumin 26 180 mg/day 4 weeks ↑Clinical response (241)
Brain tumor Micellar curcumin 10 3 x 57.4 mg/day 4 days ↑Inorganic phosphate, bioavailability, ↓PCr/Pi (243)
Breast Curcumin (Docetaxel) 10 500–8000 mg/d 6 cycles (7 days ↑Antitumor activity each) (250)
Curcumin 30 6 g/day Course of radiotherapy ↓Radiation-induced dermatitis (252)
C3 complex 686 3 × 2000 mg/day RT and post RT ↓Reduced severity (251)
PureVida (curcumin + hydroxyl tyrosol + fish oil) 45 3 capsules/ day 30 days ↓CRP, pain score (247)
Curcumin + paclitaxel 150 300 mg/wk + 80 mg/m2 12 weeks ↑ORR, physical performance (248)
Curcumin gel 171 4% 1 week ↓Skin reactions, pain (249)
Cervical Curcumin + radiotherapy 40 4 g/day 7 days ↓Survivin levels (253)
Colorectal C3 capsule 15 450, 900, 1800, or 3600 mg/day (curcumin) 4 months Well tolerated, no toxicity, ↓PGE2 (260)
C3 capsule 12 450, 1,800, or 3600 mg/day (curcumin) 7 days ↓DNA adduct (M1G) (261)
Curcumin capsule 126 3 x 360 mg/day 10–30 days (prior surgery) ↑Body weight, ↓TNF-α, Bcl-2, ↑apoptotic cells, DNA fragmentation, p53, Bax (262)
Curcumin C3 complex 24 2.35 g/day 14 days Safe, ↑glucoronide (259)
curcumin + FOLFOX + Bevacizumab 18 2 g/day   ↑Overall survival, progression-free survival (258)
CRLM C3 complex 12 500 mg/day 7 days Safe and tolerable (263)
Curcumin (FOLFOX) 12 500 mg, 1 or 2 g/day 1 week Safe and tolerable, ↓ALDH, CD133 (263)
Cystic glandularis Curcumin 14 50 mg Once per week for 4 weeks and once per month for 2 months ↓Core lower urinary tract symptom score (240)
FAP Curcumin + quercetin 5 3 × 480 mg/day + 3 × 20 mg/day 6 months ↓Polyp number and size, ileal and rectal adenomas (264)
HNC Nanocurcumin 29 80 mg/day 6 weeks ↓OM severity, ↑OM development duration (289)
HNC with oral mucositis Curcumin + PBM-T + PDT 31 20 mL (1.5 g/L)/week 4 weeks ↓Healing time (293)
Nanocurcumin 74 0.1% (thrice daily for 7 days) 6 weeks (scored) ↓Risk of OM, severity, delayed onset (295)
Nanomicelle curcumin 50 2 × 80 mg/day 7 weeks ↓Pain score, severity (296)
Oral mucositis Zinc oxide + amla + tulsi + curcumin 75 1% 35 days ↓Disease severity (298)
Hepatocellular carcinoma Curcuminoids + piperine + taurine 20 4 g + 40 mg + 500 mg 30 days ↓IL-10, miR-21 (299)
Glioblastoma Curcumin + propranolol + aliskiren + cilazapril + celecoxib + piperine + aspirin + metformin 10 – 10 weeks ↑Median survival (270)
Malignant lesions Curcumin 24 500–12,000 mg/day 3 months ↓Lesions, safe (327)
Multiple myeloma Curcuminoids 25 3600 mg /day 3 months ↓Random urinary protein, serum creatinine, uDPYD (302)
Curcuminoids 18 7200 × 2 mg/day 9 months ↓rFLC, total protein, random urinary protein, iFLC, dFLC, PTH, uDPYD (302)
Curcumin + melphalan + prednisone 33 8 g + 4 mg/m2 + 40 mg/m2 28 days ↓NF-κB, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6 (304)
Neurofibromatosis 1 curcumin diet 11 1200 mg/day 6 months ↓Number and volume of cutaneous neurofibromas (271)
Oral malignancy Curcumin 60 950 mg/day 3 months ↓p53, Ki67, cyclin D1 (294)
Curcumin + green tea extract 60 950 mg/day + 800 mg/day ↑Clinical response rate, ↑mouth opening
Pancreatic or biliary duct cancer Bioavailable curcumin 16 200–400 mg/day >9 months No adverse effects (305)
Pancreatic cancer Curcumin 25 8 g/day 8 weeks No toxicity, ↑IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1RA, ↓NF-κB, COX-2, p-STAT3 (307)
Curcumin 17 8000 mg/day 4 weeks ↑Chemotherapeutic effect (308)
Curcumin 21 8 g/day – No toxicity, safe and feasible (310)
Curcumin 66 8 g/day 2 months ↓Lean body mass, survival of sarcopenic patients, ↑fat loss, muscle loss (306)
Phytosomal curcumin 44 4 × 500 mg/day Until death ↑Response rate, stable disease period, progression-free survival, overall survival (309)
Prostatic hyperplasia Curcumin (Meriva) 61 2 × 200 mg/day (2 × 500 mg/day) 24 weeks No side effects, ↑QoL, ↓signs and symptoms of disease, urinary infections, urinary block (321)
Prostate cancer Curcumin 45 3 g/day 1 week before radiotherapy until completion ↓Urinate frequency, hurry to get to toilet, sleeplessness, unintentional release of urine, limitation of daily activity, difficulty in going out (315)
Curcumin 26 6000 mg/day 7 consecutive days in each cycle (total 6 cycles) Safe and well tolerated, no toxicity (316)
Nanocurcumin 64 120 mg/day 3 days before and during RT ↑Prevention of proctitis (318)
Curcumin 97 1440 mg/day 6 months ↓PSA (319)
Curcumin + docetaxel 50 6 g/day + 75 mg/m2/day 7 days/3 wks + 1 day/3 wks for 6 cycles ↓Progression-free survival and overall survival (323)
Curcumin + quercetin + hyaluronate + chondroitin sulfate 49 200 mg/day + 400 mg/day + 40 mg/day + 400 mg/day 12 weeks Improved QoL, ↓urinary incontinence (320)
Advanced metastatic tumors Liposomal curcumin 32 100, 300 mg/m2 8 weeks ↓PSA, CEA, CA 19-9 (234)
Solid tumors Meriva 80 180 mg/day 8 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↑QoL, ↓TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, CGRP, MCP-1, Sp (233)
Curcumin phosphatidylcholine + Irinotecan 10 DE, 13 PK 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/day + 200 mg/m2 28 days ↑Tolerability, no toxicity (232)
Thyroid nodule (benign) Curcumin, Boswellia, spirulina 39 2 × (50 mg, 50 mg, 400 mg) 12 weeks ↓Nodule area (326)
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma Nanocurcumin 21 160 mg/day 10 days ↓MN in lymphocyte (325)
 
Cardiovascular Diseases
ACS Curcumin 75 15 mg × 3/day, 30 mg × 3/day, 60 mg × 3/day 2 months ↓TC, LDL-C, ↑HDL-C, TG (342)
Central arterial hemodynamics Curcumin 45 150 mg/day 8 weeks ↓LV afterload, aortic SBP, aortic Aix (331)
Curcumin + exercise
Coronary artery bypass surgery Curcuminoids capsule (+ standard therapy) 121 4 g/day 3 days before and 5 days after surgery ↓MI, CRP, MDA, NT-proBNP (334)
Coronary artery disease Curcumin 33 4 × 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C (335)
Nanomicelle curcumin 70 80 mg/day 3 months ↓MMP-9, MMP-2 (337)
Coronary heart disease Curcumin 50 45 mg/day 7 days prior and 2 days after PCI ↓hs-CRP, sCD40L (338)
Tetralogy of Fallot patients Curcumin 45 45 mg/day 14 days ↓c-JNKe, caspase 3, temperature, better ventricular functions (343)
Myocardial injury Nanocurcumin 110 480 mg Single dose ↓Raise of CK-MB PCI (340)
Patients undergoing coronary elective angioplasty Curcumin 90 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, hs-CRP, TNF-α, ↑TAC, IL-1β, SOD, GPx (341)
Nanomicelle curcumin 80 mg 8 weeks
Takayasu arteritis Curcumin 246 300 mg/day 4 weeks ↓BVAS score, ESR, TNF-α, CRP (339)
 
Endothelial Function
Endothelial function Curcumin (Longvida pill) 39 2000 mg/day 12 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↓oxidative stress, ↑resistance and conduit artery endothelial function (345)
Curcumin 32 150 mg/day 8 weeks No adverse effect, ↓SBS, ↑FMD, VO2 peak (346)
 
Gynecological Conditions
Cervical dysplasia Curcumin 13 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mg/day 14 days Safe and tolerated (351)
Endometriosis Ialuril soft gel tablets 20 2 pills/day 12 weeks ↓Dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dysuria (362)
Laparoscopic gynecologic surgery Curcuminoid extract 60 1 g/day 3 days ↓VAS score, pain severity (364)
Laparoscopic hysterectomy Curcuminoids 98 4 × 250 mg/day 3 days ↓VAS score, pain (363)
PCOS Curcumin 67 1500 mg/day 3 months ↑GPx activity, SOD, PGC-1α, SIRT1 (352)
Curcumin 60 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Weight, BMI, FPG, insulin, insulin resistance, TC, LDL-C, ↑insulin sensitivity, HDL-C, PPARγ, LDLR (353)
Curcumin 30 93.34 mg (2 dose) 8 weeks ↓Body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference, FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, CRP (354)
Curcumin 67 3 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓FPG, dehydroepiandrosterone (355)
Premenstrual syndrome Curcumin 63 100 mg/12 h 3 menstrual cycles (10 days each) ↓Severity of behavioral, mood, physical symptoms, PMS severity, mood swings, ↑BDNF (359)
Curcumin 63 100 mg/12 h 10 days each for 3 cycles ↓PMS symptoms, ↑anti-inflammatory effect (358)
Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea Curcuminoids + piperine 124 500 mg + 5 mg 10 days each for 3 cycles ↓PSST score, dysmenorrhea pain (360)
Curcumin + piperine 76 500 mg + 5 mg 10 days/3 CMC ↓AST, bilirubin, ↑vitamin D (361)
 
Infectious Diseases
COVID-19 Nanocurcumin 80 4 × 40 mg/day 14 days ↓mRNA and serum IL-6, mRNA and serum IL-1β (369)
Nanocurcumin 41 4 × 40 mg/day 2 weeks ↓Symptoms, ↑oxygen saturation, recovery (371)
Nanocurcumin 60 4 soft gels (40 mg each)/day 2 weeks ↓Symptoms, CRP, resolution time, ↑lymphocyte count (370)
Nanocurcumin 40 4 × 40 mg/day 2 weeks ↓IFNγ, TBX21, ↑TGF-β, IL-4, FOXP3 (372)
Curcumin + piperine 140 2 × 525 mg + 2 × 2.5 mg 14 days ↓Deterioration, red flag signs, symptom severity, ↑oxygen saturation, better clinical outcome (373)
Nanocurcumin 80 2 × 80 mg/day 21 days ↑Treg cell frequency, FOXP3, IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β (374)
Nanocurcumin 80 2 × 80 mg/day 21 days ↓RORγt, IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, GM-CSF, Th17 cell count, fever, cough, dyspnea, mortality rate, ↑hospital discharge rate (375)
Nanocurcumin 48 160 mg/day 6 days ↑O2 saturation, ↓symptoms, LOS (376)
Nanocurcumin 60 240 mg/day 7 days ↓Mortality rate, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 (377)
Curcumin + VCO + Azithromycin + Oseltamivir + hydroxychloroquine 60 3 g/day + 30 mL + 500 mg + 150 mg/day + 400 mg/day 21 days ↓ IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFNβ (378)
ArtemiC (arteminisin 6 mg/mL, curcumin 20 mg/mL, frankincense 15 mg/mL, vitamin C 60 mg/mL) 50 2 × 20 mg/day (curcumin) Days 1 and 2 ↑Clinical improvement, SpO2 normalization, ↓O2 supplementation, fever, hospital stay (379)
Curcumin + piperine 46 2 × (500 mg + 5 mg)/day 14 days ↓weakness, dry cough, sore throat, sputum cough, ague, muscular pain, headache, dyspnea (380)
HIV/AIDS Curcumin 20 1000 mg/day 30 days ↑TG (382)
HIV Curcumin 20 1000 mg/day 30 days No significant effect (386)
AIDS Curcumin + PDT 30 0.75 mg/mL + 20.1 J/cm2 once ↓CFU for Streptococcus and Staphylococcus (384)
Peptic ulcer with H. pylori infection Curcumin 40 3 × 500 mg   ↓IL-1β, ↑healing efficacy, TAC (396)
Sepsis Nanocurcumin 40 2 × 80 mg 10 days ↓PCT, TNF-α, SOFA score, duration of ventilation (383)
Nanocurcumin 14 160 mg 10 days ↓ESR, IL-8, neutrophils, platelets, presepsin, WBCs, ↑lymphocyte count (390)
Nanocurcumin 40 2 × 80 mg/day 14 days ↓MDA, IL-18, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TLR4, Bax, FBS, TG, TC, ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin, creatinine, prealbumin, SOFA score, duration of ventilation ↑IL-10, CAT, SOD, TAC, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, TLC (391)
 
Inflammatory Diseases
Behcet’s disease Nanocurcumin 32 80 mg/day 8 weeks ↑Treg cells, RNAs of FOXP3, TGF-β, IL-10, miRNA-25, miRNA-106b (421)
Bronchial asthma Curcumin + standard therapy 77 2 × 500 mg/day 30 days ↓ESR, eosinophils, adverse events, ↑FEV1, weight gain (422)
Curcumin + piperine 40 2 × 750 mg/day + 5 mg/day 2 months ↓IL-6, ↑FEV1, FVC, ACT score (423)
Crohn’s disease Bioavailable curcumin 40 360 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Endoscopic disease severity, ↑clinical remission rate, anal lesion healing (444)
Curcumin 62 3 g/day 6 months ↓Recurrence rate (445)
Curcumin + azathioprine 48 3 g/day + 2.5 mg/kg/day 3 months ↑Fecal calprotectin (446)
Dry eye syndrome Curcumin + lutein + zeaxanthin + vitamin D3 59 200 mg + 20 mg + 4 mg + 600 IU 8 weeks ↓OSDI score, corneal and conjunctival staining score, tear osmolarity, MMP-9 positive score, SPEED score, ↑Schirmer’s strip wetness length, tear volume, TBUT score (426)
Exercise-induced inflammation Curcumin 24 180 mg/day 7 days before exercise and 2 days after exercise ↓Muscle soreness, ↑ROM (717)
Exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation Curcumin 20 3 × 500 mg/day 28 days ↓Muscle soreness, CK (716)
Gastrointestinal damage Curcumin 8 500 mg/day 3 days ↑Gastrointestinal function (438)
Gall bladder function Curcumin 12 20 mg single dose 1 week ↑Gall bladder contraction, ↓gall bladder volume (431)
Curcumin 12 20, 40 and 80 mg 1 week ↓Gall bladder volume, ↑gall bladder contraction (433)
IBS Curcumin 9 2 × 550 mg/day, 3 × 550 mg/day 1 month + 1 month ↓Abdominal pain and cramp, next 1-month muscle soreness, CDAI scores (440)
Curcumin (SZ or mesalamine) 82 2 g/day 6 months Safe, ↓disease associated morbidity (441)
Curcumin 11 500 mg × 2/day 3 weeks Well tolerated, ↑disease improvement (443)
1 g × 2/day 3rd–6th weeks
2 g × 2/day 6th–9th weeks
Curcumin (mesalamine) 50 3 g/day 1 month Safe, no adverse event, ↑clinical improvement (442)
Curcuminoids (NCB-02 + oral 5-ASA) 30 140 mg/day 8 weeks No side effects, better clinical response and outcomes (448)
Curcumin + fennel essential oil 116 84 mg/day + 50 mg/day 30 days ↓Severity score, abdominal pain, ↑symptom relief, QoL (453)
Liver cirrhosis Curcumin 60 1000 mg/day 3 months ↓ALP, bilirubin, MELD scores child-Pugh score (427)
Curcumin 58 1000 mg/day 12 weeks ↓LDSI 2.0 domain score, ↑CLDQ domain score, SF-36 domain score (428)
Mastitis Curcumin cream 63 3 × 200 mg/pump 3 days ↓Mastitis, tension, erythema, pain (429)
Osteoarthritis Curcumin (Meriva) 50 200 mg/day (1 g/day) 3 months Effective, ↓joint pain, ↑joint function, stability, absorption (455)
Curcumin (Meriva) 100 200 mg/day (1 g/day) 8 months ↑Tolerable, physical performance, ↓sCD40L, IL-1β, IL-6, sVCAM-1, ESR, distal edema (458)
C3 complex 40 1500 mg/day 6 weeks Effective and safe, ↓Pain, stiffness (457)
Theracurmin 50 180 mg/day 8 weeks Improved outcomes, ↓Pain (460)
Curcunminoid + piperine 40 1500 mg/day + 15 mg/day 6 weeks ↓IL-4, IL-6, hs-CRP (461)
Flexofytol 20 252 mg/day 3 months ↓Coll2-1, CRP (463)
C3 complex 40 1500 mg/day 6 weeks ↑Anti-inflammatory effect, ↓IL-4, hs-CRP (456)
C3 complex + Bioperine 40 1500 mg/day + 15 mg/day 6 weeks ↑SOD, GSH, ↓MDA, oxidative stress (462)
Longvida 50 2 × 400 mg/day 90 days ↓VAS score, WOMAC score (464)
Nanomicelle curcumin 30 80 mg/day 3 months ↓VAS score, CRP, CD4+, CD8+, Th17 cells, B cells, ↑Treg cells (466)
Nanocurcumin 71 80 mg/day 6 weeks ↓Overall disease score, pain score, stiffness score, WOMAC score (467)
Curcumagalactomannoside + glucosamine hydrochloride 80 400 mg/day + 500 mg/day 84 days ↓VAS score, WOMAC score, stiffness score (468)
Curcumagalactomannoside 72 400 mg/day 6 weeks ↓VAS score, WOMAC score, stiffness score, ↑walking performance, physical function (469)
Curcumin ointment 72 5%, twice/day 6 weeks ↓Mean knee pain intensity (470)
Curcumin ointment 72 5% 6 weeks ↑QoL score (471)
Curcumin + BSE + PBE + MSM 106 168 mg/day + 250 mg/day + 100 mg/day + 1500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Activity impairment, FIHOA score (472)
Nanocurcumin 15 80 mg/day 3 months ↓miRNA 155, miRNA 138, miRNA16 (473)
Curcumin + meloxicam 42 1600 mg/day + 15 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Pain, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ↑physical function (474)
Osteochondral diseases Curcumin (Theracurmin) 23 180 mg/day 12 months ↓Roughness in lateral compartment of femur, stiffness of knee joint, ↑JOA score, VAS, JKOM (475)
Osteo-muscular pain Algocur 50 1 g 10 days ↓Pain, impaired physical functions, safe and tolerable (477)
Pancreatitis Curcumin (piperine) 20 500 mg (5 mg) 6 weeks ↓Erythrocyte MDA, ↑GSH (478)
Chronic SM-induced cutaneous complications C3 complex + Bioperine 96 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 4 weeks ↓Inflammation, serum IL-8, CGRP, hs-CRP, pruritus score (710)
Pain and fatigue after cholecystectomy Curcumin 50 500 mg/6 h – ↓Pain, fatigue (479)
Pruritus C3 complex + Bioperine 96 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 4 weeks ↓Sp, SOD, GPx, CAT, ↓DLQI score, disease severity; safe (711)
Prostate biopsy Curcumin (with soy isoflavones) 85 100 mg (40 mg) 6 months ↑Anti-androgen effects, ↓PSA (486)
CP/CPPS Curcumin + Calendula extract 48 350 mg + 80 mg, 1 month Well tolerated, ↓pain, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells (487)
1 suppository/day
RAS Curcumin gel 57 2% 2 week ↓Pain intensity, ulcer size (483)
Nanomicelle-Cur gel 48 3 × 1%/day 1 week ↓Lesion size, pain score (481)
Cur gel 48 3 × 2%/day 1 week ↓Lesion size, pain score
Curcumin gel 48 2% 180 days ↓Erythema, pain score, ulcer size recurrence (482)
Curcumin orabase 58 3 × 5% 10 days No significant effect (484)
Rhinitis Curcumin capsule 241 500 mg/day 2 months ↓Nasal symptoms, sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, IL-4, IL-8, TNF-α, ↑IL-10, sICAM-1 (485)
Third molar postsurgical acute inflammation Curcumin 90 3 × 200 mg/day - ↓Pain (419)
Ulcerative colitis Curcuminoids nanomicelles 56 3 × 80 mg/day 4 weeks ↓Score for urgency of defecation, SCCAI score (449)
Curcumin + green tea + selenium 20 1000 mg/day + 500 mg/day + 200 μg/day 8 weeks ↑Improvement rate, remission rate (450)
Curcumin 70 1500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓ESR, hs-CRP, ↑QoL (451)
Bioenhanced curcumin 69 2 × 50 mg/day 6 weeks ↑Remission rate, clinical response sustained remission (452)
 
Inherited Disorders
Familial adenomatous polyposis Curcumin 44 2 × 1500 mg/day 12 months No effect (489)
Colorectal adenomatous polyposis Phospholipidated curcumin + Mirtoselect 35 500 mg + 500 mg 4–6 weeks ↓NF-κB, Ki-67 (490)
DMD, FSHD, LGMD FLOVOMEGA 29 80 g/day 24 weeks ↓CK levels, ↑walking distance (491)
β-Thalassemia/HbE Curcuminoid 21 500 mg/day 12 months ↓MHb, H2O2-induced MDA, SOD GPx, NTBI, ↑GSH (492)
Curcuminoids + NAC + DFP 50 500 mg/day + 200 mg/day + 50 mg/kg/day 12 months ↓Iron load, oxidative stress, blood coagulation, ↑antioxidant potential (493)
Curcuminoids 10 500 mg/day 12 months ↓Apo-A1, ↑vitronectin, PON1, apo E, prothrombin (496)
Curcuminoids 30 2 × 250 mg/day or 4 × 250 mg/day 24 weeks ↓Hypercoagulability, NTBI, ROS MDA, D-dimer, hs-CRP, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, serum iron, transferrin saturation (499)
β-Thalassemia intermedia/major Curcumin 61 2 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓MDA, direct bilirubin, ↑TAC, HB (494)
Curcumin 68 2 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓NTBI, ALT, AST (495)
Curcumin 68 2 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓HOMA-IR, TG, TG/HDL-C, hs-CRP (497)
Curcumin 30 3 × 500 mg/day 3 months ↓Copper, ferritin, BMI, TG, ↑zinc, zinc/copper ratio (498)
Curcumin 30 3 × 500 mg/day 3 months ↓Iron, ferritin, transferrin (500)
 
Kidney Diseases
ADPKD Curcumin + ascorbic acid 68 25 mg/kg/day + 0.075 g/kg 1 year Improved FMDBA (512)
CKD Curcumin 60 3 × 500 mg/day 5 days No significant effect (518)
Curcumin phytosome 24 2 × 500 mg/day 3 or 6 months ↓Carbohydrate intake, protein intake, total fiber intake, phosphorus and potassium intake MCP-1, IL-4, IFNγ, TBARS, PCS, Escherichia-Shigella, Enterobacter verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, ↑Lachnoclostridium spp., Lachnospiraceae family, Lactobacillaceae spp., Prevotellaceae (513)
DKD Curcumin 14 500 mg/day 15–30 days ↓U-mAlb, LDL-C, plasma LPS, caspase 3, ↑NQO-1, SOD1, SOD2, gut microbiota, IκB (514)
Hemodialysis Curcumin + resveratrol 40 500 mg/day + 500 mg/day   ↓Ferritin, TG, VLDL, %fat, ↑BMI, muscle and bone mass (516)
Curcuminoids 43 1 g/day 12 weeks ↑catalase activity, preserved GPx activity (515)
Nanocurcumin 54 120 mg/day 3 months ↓Serum IL-6 and TNF-α, mRNA IL-6 and TNF-α (517)
 
Metabolic Disorders
Diabetes Curcumin (NCB-02) 67 2 × 150 mg/day 8 weeks ↓MDA, ET-1, IL-6, TNF-α (529)
Curcuminoid capsule 237 6 × 250 mg/day 12 months ↑β-cells function, HOMA-β, adiponectin, ↓C-peptide, insulin resistance (533)
Curcuminoids extract 100 300 mg/day 3 months ↓fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance, FFAs, triglycerides, ↑LPL (531)
Curcumin + glyburide 8 475 mg/day + 5 mg 10 days Beneficial in glycemic control, ↓LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, ↑HDL (530)
Curcuminoids 100 – 2 months ↓A-FABP, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, FFAs, glucose, CRP, ↑SOD (532)
Curcuminoid 240 6 × 250 mg/day 6 months ↓pulse wave velocity, leptin, TG, HOMA-IR, uric acid, visceral fat, total body fat, ↑adiponectin (534)
Curcuminoids + piperine 118 1000 mg/day + 10 mg/day 12 weeks ↓TC, non-HDL-C, lipoprotein a, ↑HDL-C (549)
Curcuminoids + piperine 118 1000 mg/day + 10 mg/day 12 weeks ↓MDA, ↑TAC, SOD (548)
Curcuminoids + piperine 100 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 3 months ↓glucose, C-peptide, HbA1c, ALT, AST (537)
Curcumin 44 3 × 500 mg/day 10 weeks ↓TG, hs-CRP, ↑adiponectin (543)
Curcumin 53 3 × 500 mg/day 10 weeks ↓Mean weight, BMI, WC, FBS (544)
Curcumin 40 80 mg/day 8 weeks ↓FBG, glycated Hb, insulin (647)
Curcumin + exercise 40 80 mg/day 8 weeks
Fasting dysglycemia Curcumin + berberine extract + inositol + banaba extract + chromium picolinate 148 200 mg + 200 mg + 3000 mg + 40 mg + 100 μcg 3 months ↓FBS, PPBS, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-index, TG, TC, hs-CRP (535)
Hypercholesterolemia Curcumin (Meriva) + Phytosterol 82 228 mg/day + 2.3 g/day 4 weeks ↓TC, LDL-C, TC:HDL-C ratio, CVD risk, LDL-P number (536)
Hypermetabolic syndrome Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↓Saturated fatty acid intake (564)
Phospholipidated curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks
Non-insulin-dependent DM Theracurmin 33 180 mg/day 6 months ↓TG, γ-GTP, no change-AT-LDL (545)
T2D on hemodialysis Nanocurcumin 60 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↓FPG, insulin, TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC/HDL-C, hs-CRP, MDA, ↑TAC, TN (546)
T2D and CHD Curcumin 60 1000 mg/day 12 weeks ↓PSQI, MDA, ↑TAC, GSH, PPARγ (550)
Diabetic microangiopathy Curcumin (Meriva) 50 1 g/day 4 weeks Well tolerated, ↓skin flux, edema, ↑PO2 (551)
Meriva + standard therapy 77 2 × 500 mg/day 4 weeks Optimal tolerability, improved (552)
Diabetic foot ulcer Nanocurcumin 60 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↓FPG, insulin, TC, LDL-C, ↑insulin sensitivity, TAC, GSH (547)
T2D-associated macular edema Phospholipidated curcumin 11 2 × 500 mg/day 3 months ↓Macular edema, ocular thickness, ↑improvement, stable disease period (538)
Hydrophilic curcumin 73 2 capsules 6 months ↓Central retinal thickness (539)
Risk of T2D Curcumin 64 2 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓TG, ↑insulin sensitivity (540)
Curcumin + LnC-3 PUFA 64 2 × 500 mg/day + 2 × 1000 mg/day FO 12 weeks ↓TG (540)
Curcumin (Meriva) 29 180 mg/day (2 × 500 mg/day) 12 weeks ↓GSK-3β, IAPP, insulin resistance, risk of Alzheimer’s disease (541)
MetS C3 complex + bioperine 100 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 8 weeks Effective, ↓LDL-C, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp(a), ↑HDL-C (562)
C3 complex + bioperine 100 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 8 weeks Safe and effective, ↑BMI, SOD, ↓hs-CRP, MDA, glucose, FBS, HbA1c, SBP, DBP (561)
C3 complex + bioperine 100 1 g/day + 10 mg 8 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↓TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, MCP-1 (76)
C3 complex + bioperine 100 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 8 weeks ↑Adiponectin, ↓leptin (558)
Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↑Serum PAB (170)
Curcumin (phospholipid complex) 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↑Serum PAB (170)
Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks No effect on serum vitamin E (560)
Curcumin (lecithinized) 120 1 g/day 6 weeks No effect on serum vitamin E (560)
Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↓Severity of anxiety (571)
Phospholipidated Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↓Severity of anxiety (571)
Curcumin 81 1 g/day 6 weeks ↑Aryl esterase activities (563)
Curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↑Zn (565)
Phospholipidated curcumin 120 1 g/day 6 weeks ↑Zn (565)
Phosphatidylcholine curcumin 80 2 × 500 mg/day 6 weeks No effect (569)
Nanocurcumin + aerobic exercise 44 80 mg/day 6 weeks ↓IL-6, MDA, hs-CRP, ↑IL-10, BDNF, TAC (566)
Nanocurcumin 50 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↓TG, HOMA-β (567)
Curcuminoids 109 1 g/day 6 weeks No significant effect (570)
Phospholipidated curcuminoids 109 1 g/day 6 weeks No significant effect (570)
Nanocurcumin 50 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↓MDA, ↑adiponectin, TAC (568)
NAFLD Curcumin 87 1000 mg/day 8 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↓total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, uric acid (580)
Curcumin formulation 80 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Liver fat content, BMI, TC, LDL-C, TG, AST, ALT, glucose glycated Hb (579)
Curcumin capsule (Meriva) 87 1000 mg/day 8 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↓BMI, AST, ALT, liver fat (581)
Curcumin 46 1.5 g/day 3 months ↓Fibrosis score (582)
Phospholipidated curcumin 36 1500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Severity, BMI, TC, LDL-C, TG, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, uric acid, portal vein diameter, liver size, ↑hepatic vein flow (583)
Nanocurcumin 84 80 mg/day 3 months ↓Fatty liver degree, WC, liver transaminase, FBS, FBI, HbA1C, TG, TC, LDL, HOMA-IR, TNF-α, hs-CRP, IL-6, ↑HDL, QUICKI, nesfatin (75)
Phospholipid curcumin 58 250 mg/day 8 weeks ↓3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, kynurenin, succinate, citrate, α-ketolgutarate, methylamine, trimethylamine, hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, chenodeoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid, taurocholic acid (585)
Curcumin + piperine 24 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 8 weeks ↓PAB (587)
Curcumin + piperine 70 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Hematocrit, ESR, AST, ALT, ALP, cholesterol, Fe, Hb, LDL, ↑TIBC (586)
Curcumin (Meriva) 65 250 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Leptin ↑HDL, adiponectin (588)
Curcumin 55 3 × 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Hepatic fibrosis, NF-κB (589)
Curcumin + fish oil + sunflower oil + silymarin + choline bitartrate + tocopherol 113 2 × 35 mg + 250 mg + 150 mg + 75 mg + 35 mg + 10 mg 3 months ↓ALT, AST, GGT (590)
Curcuminoids + piperine 55 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Weight, severity, TNF-α, MCP-1, EGF (591)
Curcumin (Meriva) 45 250 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip, BMI, percentage of m-MLH1 and m-MSH2 (592)
Nanomicelle curcumin 45 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↓ALT, AST (593)
Nanomicelle curcumin + resistance training
Curcumin 44 250 mg/day 8 weeks ↓CML, 8-OHdG, weight, waist circumference, body fat, BMI (594)
Obesity Curcuminoids + bioperine 30 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 30 days ↓TG (603)
Curcuminoids + Bioperine 30 1 g/day + 10 mg/day 10 weeks ↓Serum PAB (604)
Curcuminoids + bioperine 30 1000 mg/day + 10 mg/day 4 weeks ↑Zn/Cu ratio (615)
C3 Complex + bioperine 30 1 g/day + 5 mg/day 30 days ↓IL-1β, IL-4, VEGF (79)
Curcumin 40 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓LDL, lipid peroxidation, oxLDL, protein carbonyls, ↑creatinine (602)
Curcumin 40 750 mg/day 12 weeks ↑Creatinine, ↓protein carbonyls (602)
Curcumin 60 500 mg 4 weeks ↓MCP-1, MIF (614)
CurQfen 22 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Homocysteine, ↑HDL (609)
Phytosomal curcumin 80 800 mg/day 8 weeks ↓FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, GGT, GOT, GPT, LAP, HSI, FLI, TG, non-LDL-C, ↑HDL-C (610)
Curcumin 40 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Weight, BMI, FBG (611)
Curcumin + aerobic exercise ↓Waist circumference, HOMA-IR, waist-hip-ratio, insulin, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL, CRP, ↑HDL-C
Older adults with abdominal obesity Curcumin + resveratrol 22 2 × 50 mg + 100 mg Single dose ↓Postprandial VCAM1 (605)
Older adults with obesity Curcumin (Longvida) 134 160 mg/day (800 mg/day) 16 weeks ↓SMCs, ↑vigor (607)
Curcumin + fish oil   160 mg/day + 2000 mg/day DHA + 400 mg/day EPA
Curcumin (Longvida) 134 160 mg/day 16 weeks ↑CVR, improved memory test and verbal memory test (606)
Curcumin (Longvida) + fish oil
Curcumin (Longvida) 126 160 mg/day (800 mg/day) 16 weeks ↓Cerebral artery stiffness, CRP (608)
Curcumin + fish oil 160 mg/day + 2000 mg DHA + 400 mg EPA ↑HDL-C, CRP
Obese adults Curcumin (Longvida) 152 160 mg/day (800 mg/day) 16 weeks No significant effect on arthritis (476)
Curcumin + fish oil 152 160 mg/day + 2000 mg DHA + 400 mg EPA 16 weeks
Obesity and prediabetic Curcumin 82 500 mg/day 90 days ↓FPG, PPG, HbA1c, IR, insulin (612)
Curcumin + zinc 500 mg/day + 30 mg/day 90 days ↓BMI, FPG, PPG, HbA1c, IR, insulin
Obesity and prediabetes Curcumin 82 500 mg/day 90 days ↓BMI, weight, TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL, ↑HDL (613)
Curcumin + zinc 500 mg/day + 30 mg/day 90 days
Osteoporosis Curcumin + alendronate 60 110 mg/day + 5 mg/day 12 months ↑Osteocalcin, BMD, ↓BALP, CTx (616)
 
Neurological Disorders
Alzheimer’s disease Curcumin 8 2 × 20 g/day 2 days ↑Detection of amyloid spots in retina (542)
C3 complex 30 2 or 4 g/day 24 weeks Well tolerated (619)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Curcumin 42 600 mg/day 6 months Stable score of ALS-FRS-r, FRAP ↓AOPPs, lactate (620)
Nanocurcumin 54 80 mg/day 12 months ↑Survival (621)
Cognitive function Curcumin (Longvida) 60 400 mg 1 and 3 h (4 weeks for chronic) ↑Attentive performance, memory tasks, ↓total cholesterol, LDL-c (624)
Dementia Curcumin (Theracurmin) 40 90 mg × 2/day 18 months Improved memory, ↓amyloid, tau (623)
DSS Curcumin powder 1 50 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day 12 months (4 months + 8 months) Safe and well tolerated, ↑QoL, knee flexion, foot strength, ↓hand and elbow strength, pulmonary function, hand function, upper/lower extremity (622)
HAM/TSP Curcumin 20 80 mg/day 12 weeks ↑c-FLIPL, c-FLIP (625)
Ischemic stroke Curcumin 42 2 × 750 mg/day 3 months ↑Muscle power, improvement in SSQL questionnaire specific domains, ↓SBP (626)
ME/CFS NAIOS 76 NR 15.2 ± 4.8 months ↓IgM-mediated autoimmune response to OSEs and NO-adducts, FF score, severity of illness (642)
Migraine Nanocurcumin 74 80 mg/day 2 months ↓Frequency of headache attack (628)
ω-3 FA + nanocurcumin 2500 mg/day + 80 mg/day ↓Frequency of headache attack, TNF-α
Nanocurcumin 72 – 2 months ↓Frequency of headache attack, serum ICAM-1 levels (627)
ω-3 FA + nanocurcumin 72 2 months
Nanocurcumin 80 80 mg/day 2 months ↓IL-6 mRNA, IL-6, hs-CRP (630)
ω-3 FA + nanocurcumin 80 2 × 2500 mg + 80 mg/day 2 months
Nanocurcumin 74 80 mg/day 2 months ↓COX-2, frequency of attack, severity of pain (631)
ω-3 FA + nanocurcumin 74 1800 mg + 80 mg/day 2 months ↓COX-2, iNOS, frequency of attack, severity of pain, headache duration
Nanocurcumin 38 80 mg 2 months ↓Pentraxin 3 (633)
Nanocurcumin 40 80 mg 2 months ↓IL-17 mRNA, serum IL-17 (634)
Nanocurcumin 100 80 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Frequency, severity, duration, HDR (636)
Nanocurcumin + coenzyme Q10 100 80 mg + 300 mg/day
Nanocurcumin + ω-3 placebo 80 80 mg 2 months ↓VCAM (632)
Nanocurcumin + EPA + DHA + other ω-3 80 80 mg + 2 × 600 mg + 2 × 300 mg + 100 mg ω-3
Nanocurcumin 74 80 mg/day 2 months ↓Attack frequency (635)
Nanocurcumin + ω-3 FA 80 mg/day + 2.5 g/day ↓Attack frequency, IL-1β
Nanocurcumin 44 80 mg/day 2 months ↓MCP-1, headache attack frequency, headache severity and duration (631)
Multiple sclerosis Nanocurcumin 60 80 mg/day 6 months ↓Th17 cells, RORγt, IL-17 (638)
Nanocurcumin 50 80 mg/day 6 months ↓miR-16, miR-17-92, miR-27, miR-29b, miR-126, miR-128, miR-132, miR-155, miR-326, miR-550, miR-340, demyelinating inflammatory condition, ↑miR-15a, miR-16, miR-19b, miR-106b, miR-320a, miR-363, miR-31, miR-181c, miR-150, miR-340, miR-599 (641)
Nanocurcumin 50 80 mg/day 6 months ↑Frequency of T-reg cells, FoxP3, TGF-β, IL-10 (639)
Parkinson’s disease Curcumin 60 80 mg/day 9 months ↓MDS-UPDRS part III score (643)
Spinal cord injury Curcumin + anti-inflammatory diet 20 1200 mg/day 3 months ↓Pro-inflammatory composite score, IFN-γ, CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, ↑TRP/LNAA ratio (644)
Curcumin 100 110 mg/kg/day 6 months ↑BMD indicators of lumbar, neck, and hip (645)
T2D-associated neuropathy Nanocurcumin 80 80 mg/day 8 weeks ↓HbA1c, FBS, total score of neuropathy, total reflex score, temperature (646)
  Nanocurcumin 80 80 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Depression, anxiety (648)
Traumatic brain injury Curcuminoids + piperine 62 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 7 days ↓Leptin (649)
Curcuminoids + piperine 62 500 mg/day + 5 mg/day 7 days ↓IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, CRP, SOFA score, NUTRIC score, APACHEII score (650)
 
Psychotic Disorders
Depression Curcumin 40 500 mg/day 5 weeks No adverse effect, ↑relief (665)
Curcumin 60 1 g/day 6 weeks Well tolerated, effective, and safe (664)
C3 complex 30 1 g/day 2 months ↓Anxiety (659)
Curcuminoids + piperine 111 1000 mg/day 6 weeks Safe and effective, ↓anxiety, (663)
Curcumin powder 108 1000 mg/day 6 weeks ↓Inflammation, IL-1β, TNF-α, depressive symptoms, salivary cortisol, ↑BDNF (661)
Curcumin 123 250 mg × 2 12 weeks No adverse effect, ↓depressive and anxiolytic symptoms (660)
Curcumin 123 500 mg × 2 12 weeks No adverse effect, ↓depressive and anxiolytic symptoms (660)
Curcumin + saffron 123 250 mg × 2 12 weeks No adverse effect, ↓depressive and anxiolytic symptoms (660)
Curcumin 65 500 to 1500 mg/day 12 weeks Safe, and well tolerated, ↓depression, HAM-A in males, ↑HAM-A in females (657)
Schizophrenia Curcumin 12 180 mg/day 8 weeks ↓IL-6, hs-CRP, ↑working memory (654)
Chronic schizophrenia Curcumin 38 3000 mg/day 24 weeks ↓CDSS scores, ↑PANSS score (655)
Nanocurcumin 56 160 mg/day 16 weeks ↓PANSS negative subscale score, CGI-S, CGI-I, ↑PANSS positive subscale, response rate (656)
 
Oral Diseases
Dental carries Curcumin 18 1500 μg/mL 4 days ↓Microbial biofilm, ↓ microbial viability (676)
Curcumin (blue light) 18 1500 μg/mL 4 days ↓Microbial biofilm, ↓ microbial viability (676)
Gingivitis Curcumin mouth wash 30 – 21 days Effective adjunct therapy (681)
Nanocurcumin 50 80 mg/day 4 weeks ↓MGI, PBI (680)
Denture stomatitis Chitosan curcuminoids 10 3 × 10 mL/day 2 weeks ↑Anti-candida activity, complete response (80%) (389)
Curcumin + photodynamic therapy 45 100,000 UI/mL 15 days ↓Overall CFU/mL score, ↓Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata (388)
OLP Curcumin tablet 20 2000 mg/day 4 weeks No detectable effect (290)
C3 complex 33 2000 mg/day 7 weeks Well tolerated (672)
C3 complex 53 500–6000 mg/day 1–5 year follow-up ↓Symptoms (674)
C3 complex 20 6000 mg/d 12 days Well tolerated, efficacious, ↓signs and symptoms, erythema, ulceration (673)
C3 complex 20 2000 mg/day 4 weeks Complete remission of lesions, ↓VAS score, Thongprasom score (290)
Curcumin 40 2000 mg/day 7 days ↓Lesion size, pain index, severity index (291)
Nanocurcumin gel + Triamcinolone chloride 31 1% + 0.1% 4 weeks ↓REU score, ↑Efficacy index (292)
Nanocurcumin 57 80 mg/day 1 month ↓Lesion size, pain, burning sensation (297)
Oral mucositis Curcumin mouth wash 7 10 drops × 2/day 21 days No adverse effect, safe, and well tolerated (675)
Orthodontic treatment Curcumin (blue light) 55 1.5 mg/mL 4 consecutive times (1 week each) No side effects, ↓plaque accumulation (693)
Oral disinfection Curcumin 13 1.5 g/L Single dose ↓Bacterial population (695)
Curcumin (PDT) 13
Curcumin (blue light) 24 1 g/L Single dose ↓Bacterial survival and growth (697)
Curcuminb (SDS + blue light) 24
Curcumin solution a 27 20 mL of 30 mg/L stock 1 and 2 h ↓Microbial growth (694)
Curcumin 50 25 and 100 mg/L – ↓Effective, microbial growth (698)
OSF Longvida 30 2 g/day 3 months ↑Mouth opening, VAS score (284)
Curcumin 90 2 × 300 mg/day 6 months ↓Burning sensation, ↑Mouth opening flexibility, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility (283)
Curcumin + piperine 147 3 × 300 mg +5 mg 12 weeks ↓Burning sensation, ↑mouth opening flexibility (277)
Curcumin + piperine + turmeric extract mouthwash 147 3 × 300 mg + 5 mg + 0.1% w/v 10 mL 12 weeks ↓Burning sensation, ↑mouth opening flexibility, tongue protrusion capacity (277)
Topical curcumin gel 120 1% (3 times/day) 6 weeks ↓Burning sensation, ↑mouth opening flexibility (285)
Topical curcumin gel + triamcinolone acetonide and hyaluronidase gel         (286)
Curcumin gel 40 2% gel 4 weeks ↓Burning sensation, LDH, ↑mouth opening flexibility (287)
Curcumin mucoadhesive patch   2% curcumin 4 weeks ↓Burning sensation, LDH, ↑mouth opening flexibility
Curcumin 30 500 mg/day 3 months ↓Burning sensation, ↑mouth opening (288)
curcumin + piperine 41 3 × 300 mg/day + 5 mg/day 12 weeks ↓Burning sensation, ↑mouth opening flexibility, better changes in color of mucosa (286)
Periodontits Curcumin gel 25 1% 6 months ↓Oral bacterial growth (682)
Curcumin strip + SRP 20 0.2% 21 days ↓PI, GI, SBI, PPD, ↑SOD (686)
Curcumin + SRP 10 2 mg gel 4 weeks ↓PPD, PI, ↑CAL gain (687)
Curcumin gel 25 2% 3 months ↓SBI, PPD, RAL, CFU (685)
Curcumin 23 1% solution 7, 14, 21 days ↓Bleeding score, plaque index score, probing pocket depth, BANA positive site (684)
Curcumin nanogel 45 2% 45 days ↓Aa, Pg, Tf, ↑antimicrobial effect (688)
Curcumin-loaded NPs 20 50 μg 15 days ↓Porphyromonas gingivalis PPD, CAL, BOP, IL-6, ↑Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces spp. (683)
Curcumin gel 15 – 30 days ↓Plaque index (690)
Curcumin 76 200 mg 7 days ↓Postoperative discomfort, pain (692)
Postsurgical periodontitis Curcumin mucoadhesive film 15 0.5% 1 week ↓Postsurgical pain, swelling, consumption of analgesics (691)
Periodontitis (T2D) SRP + curcumin 25 100 mg/mL – ↓PPD, PI, ↑CAL gain (689)
SRP + curcumin + LED
Root canal obturation material Curcumin 64 1 g 6 months 61.5% success rate (679)
Curcumin + calcium chloride 81.3% success rate
 
Pulmonary Disorders
COPD Curcumin 39 2 × 90 mg/ day 24 weeks ↓AT-LDL (700)
Pulmonary complications C3 complex 78 1.5 g/day 4 weeks Safe and well tolerated, ↓IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, TGFβ, MCP-1, Sp, hs-CRP, CGRP (701)
C3 complex 89 1.5 g/day 4 weeks ↓Serum MDA, ↑GSH, improved CpAT and SGRQ scores (702)
 
Stress/Oxidative Stress
Occupational stress CurQfen 60 500 mg × 2/day 30 days ↑QoL, antioxidant markers ↓stress, anxiety, and fatigue, lipid peroxidation, ↑Absorption, pharmacokinetics (713)
CurQfen 60 500 mg/day 30 days ↑Absorption, pharmacokinetics
Arsenic-induced oxidative stress Curcumin capsules (with piperine) 286 1 g/day 3 months ↓DNA damage, ↓ROS generation, ↓lipid peroxidation, ↑antioxidant activity (714)
Exercise-induced oxidative stress Curcumin capsule 10 90 mg 2 h (before exercise) ↓d-ROMs, ↑BAP, GSH, CAT (715)
Curcumin capsule 10 90 mg × 2 2 h (before and after exercise) ↓d-ROMs, ↑BAP, GSH, CAT
 
Miscellaneous
Alcohol-induced hangover Curcumin oral film 58 45 mg One time ↓Dizziness, stomachache, palpitation (722)
Episiotomy Curcumin 117 – – ↓REEDA score (724)
Episiotomy healing process Curcumin cream 120 2% 10 days ↓Pain, ↑wound healing (725)
Hyperuricemia Curcumin 39 500 mg/day 8 weeks ↓Serum urate (727)
Age-related sarcopenia Curcumin + WPI + ω-3 fatty acids + rutin 37 500 mg/day + 20 g + 1.5 g/day + 500 mg/day 12 weeks ↑Knee extension strength, gait speed (728)
Muscle damage activity Curcumina (Theracurmin) 14 300 mg/day 4 weeks ↑MVC torque recovery, ↓CK (733)
DOMS Curcumin 17 2.5 g × 2/day 2.5 days (pre-and post-exercise) ↓Pain, CK activity, ↑muscle performance, IL-6 (734)
Dyspepsia Curcumin 132 4 × 500 mg/day 4 wks ↓SODA score, pain (723)
Gulf War illness Curcumin 39 1000–4000 mg/day 30 ± 3 days ↓Severity (726)
Positive fecal occult blood Curcuminoids 28 5 × 470 mg/day 14 days Safe and tolerated (259)
Preeclampsia Curcumin 47 100 mg/day – No significant effect (735)
Radio- and chemotherapy-induced side effects Curcumin (Meriva) 158 500 mg × 3/day 4 months Safe and tolerable, ↓burden of side effects (732)
TURP, TURB, and BPH Curcuminoids + resveratrol + NAC + zinc 80 190 mg + 20 mg + 100 mg + 6 mg 10–60 days ↓Postoperative and late complications, duration of irritation (729)
Women with self-perceived hair thinning Neutrafol 40 4 capsules 6 months ↑Number of terminal and vellus hairs, hair growth, quality, volume, thickness (730)
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Symbols and abbreviations: ↑, Increase/Upregulation; ↓, Decrease/Downregulation; NR, Not reported; Aa, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; ACPA, Anti-citrullinated protein antibody; ACT, Asthma control test; ADPKD, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; ALDH, Aldehyde dehydrogenase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AOPPs, Advanced oxidation protein products; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; BALP, Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; BANA, N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide; CDSS, Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia; BAX, Bcl-2 associated X-protein; BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2;BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BMD, Bone mineral density; BPH, Benign prostatic hyperplasia; BSE, Boswellia serra extract; BVAS, Birmingham vascular activity score; CA19-9, Carbohydrate 19-9; CAL, Clinical attachment level; CAT, Catalase; CD133, Cluster of differentiation; CDAI, Crohn’s disease activity index; CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen; CFU, Colony forming unit; CGRP, Calcitonin gene related peptide; CK, Creatinine kinase; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; CK-MB, Creatinine kinase, MB fraction; CLDM, Curcumin liquid droplet micellar formulation; CLDQ, Chronic liver disease questionnaire; Coll2-1, serum type 2 collagen peptide; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase 2; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTx, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen; CUA, Combined unique activity; Cur, Curcumin; CXCl1, CXC motif chemokine ligand 1; ESR, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DAS, Disease activity score; DASS-21, Depression, anxiety, stress scale-21; dFLC, Difference between clonal and non-clonal free-light chain; DFP, Deferiprone; DLQI, Dermatology life quality index; DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; DOMS, Delayed onset muscle soreness; EEG, Electroencephalogram; FEV, Forced expiratory volume; FF score, Fibromyalgia and fatigue rating score; FIHOA, Functional index for hand osteoarthritis; FLC, Free-light chain; FLIP, FLICE inhibitory proteins; FMD, Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation; FOXP3, Forkhead box P3; FSHD, Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy; FVC, Forced vital capacity; GI, Gingival index; GLA, Gamma linoleic acid; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GSH, Glutathione; GSK, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; GSRS, Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale; H2O, Water; H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide; HAM/TSP, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis; Hb, Hemoglobin; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; HDR, Headache daily results; HNC, Head and neck cancer; HOMA-β, Homeostatic model assessment for pancreatic beta cell function; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HSC, Hematopoietic stem cell; hs-CRP, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HTLV-1, Human lymphotropic virus type-1; IAPP; Islet amyloid polypeptide; IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease; IBS, Inflammatory bowel syndrome; ICAM, Intracellular adhesion molecule; IFN, Interferon; iFLC, Involved free-light chain ratio; IFNγ, Interferon gamma; IIEF-5, 5-item version of the international index of erectile function; IL, Interleukin; IPSS, International prostate symptom score; IPSS-S, International prostate symptom score-storage sub score; IPSS-V, International prostate symptom score-voiding sub score; JKOM, Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure; JOA, Japanese orthopedic association, LDL, Low-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; LDLR, LDL receptor; LDSI, liver disease symptom index; LGMD, Limb girdle muscular dystrophy; LNAA, Large neutral amino acids; LV, Left ventricular; MAFbx, Muscle atrophy F-box; MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MELD, Model for end-stage liver disease; MGI, Modified gingival index; MHb, Methemoglobin; MI, Myocardial infarction; MIF, Monocyte inhibitory factor; miRNA, Micro RNA; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase; MN, Micronuclei; MPO, Myeloperoxidase; MSM, Methylsulfonyl methane; MVC, Maximal voluntary contraction; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; NAIOS, Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress; NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa B; NLC, Nanostructured lipid carriers; NMF, Natural moisturizing factor; NO, Nitric oxide; NO-adducts, Nitroso-adducts; NTBI, Non-transferrin-bound iron; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide; OM, Oral mucositis; ORR, Objective response rate; OSDI, Ocular surface disease index; OSE, Oxidative-specific epitopes; PANSS, Positive and negative symptoms scale; PASI, Psoriasis area severity index; PBE, Pine bark extract; PBI, Papillary bleeding index; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome; PCr/Pi: Phosphocreatine-to-inorganic phosphate ratio; PCS, P-cresyl sulfate; PCT, Procalcitonin; PD, Pocket depth; PDT, Photodynamic therapy; PGC-1α, Peroxisome proliferator and activated γ receptor coactivator 1 alpha; PGE2, Prostaglandin E2; PI, Plaque index; PhK, Phosphorylase kinase; Pg, Porphyromonas gingivalis; PPBS, Postprandial blood glucose; PPD, Probing pocket depth; ppFEV1, Predicted forced expiratory volume in one second; PPFT, Periprostatic fat thickness; PON1, paraoxonase-1; PSA, Prostate-specific antigen; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; PTH, Parathyroid hormone; PV, Prostatic volume; Qmax, maximum flow rate; QoL, Quality of life; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; RA, Rheumatoid arthritis; RAS, Recurrent aphthous stomatitis; REEDA, Redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation; REU, Reticular erosive ulcerative score; RF, Rheumatoid factor; rFLC, Free-light chain ratio; RISR, Radiation-induced skin reactions; ROM, Range of motion; RORγt, Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma; RT, radiotherapy; SBI, Sulcus bleeding index; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; SCCAI, Simple clinical colitis activity index; SF-36, Short-form healthy survey; SJC, Swelling joint count; SMCs, Subjective memory complaints; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; SODA, Severity of dyspepsia assessment; SOFA, Sequential organ failure assessment; Sp, Substance P; SPEED, Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness; SRT, Selective reminding test; SSQOL, Stroke-specific quality of life; TAC, Total antioxidant capacity; TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBUT, tear-film break-up time; TC, Total cholesterol; TEWL, Transepidermal water loss; Tf, Tannerella forsythia; TG, Triglyceride; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-beta; TIBC, Total iron binding capacity; TJC, Tender joint count; TLC, Total lymphocyte count; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TN, Total nitrite; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TRP, Tryptophan; TRR, Transferrin receptor; TURB, Transurethral resection of bladder; TURP, Transurethral resection of prostate; UGT, Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase; uDPYD, Urinary deoxypyridinoline; UIBC, Unsaturated iron-binding capacity; VAS, Visual analog scale; VCAM, Vascular cell adhesion molecule; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; VO2 max, Maximal oxygen consumption; WBC, White blood cells; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index.