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. 2023 Apr 17;15:60. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00666-8

Table 3.

Inferential statistics of the ANCOVA test per intention to treat

Variable Group (N) Pre-test
Mean ± SD
Post-test
Mean ± SD
Mean differences [95% CI] p value Hedges’ g
VAS (mm) CG (29) 49.7 ± 10.7 21 ± 13 -29 [-34 to -24] p < 0.001 1.04
EG (29) 50 ± 9.7 10 ± 7.3 -40 [-42 to -37]
NDI CG (29) 10.8 ± 5 5.9 ± 4.6 -5 [-6.1 to -3.8] p < 0.001 1.23
EG (29) 11.1 ± 4.3 1.8 ± 0.9 -9.3 [-10.8 to -7.8]
fSF-36 CG (29) 40.6 ± 6.1 41.9 ± 5 1.4 [0.7 to 2] p = 0.01 -1.88
EG (29) 40.2 ± 7 45 ± 6.1 4.8 [4.1 to 5.5]
pSF-36 CG (29) 57 ± 3.9 57.2 ± 3.6 0.2 [-0.7 to 1.1] p = 0.7 0.01
EG (29) 56.6 ± 3.4 56.8 ± 3.9 0.2 [-1.4 to 1.7]
TSK-11 CG (29) 27.7 ± 5.1 24.9 ± 5.5 -2.8 [-4.4 to -1.3] p < 0.001 2.04
EG (29) 27.9 ± 4.7 17 ± 2.4 -10.8 [-12.4 to -9.3]

N: sample; SD: standard deviation; CI: Confidence Interval; CG: control group; EG: experimental group; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; p: p value; NDI: Neck Disability Index; fSF-36: physical Short-Form Health Survey-36; pSF-36: psychosocial Short-Form Health Survey-36; TSK-11: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.