Table 2.

GEE analysis for factors associated with VAS and ODI during treatment.

Factors	Coefficient	VAS 95% CI	P- value	Coefficient	ODI 95% CI	P-value
Age, yrs	−0.01	−0.07, 0.03	0.751	0.08	−0.24, 0.41	0.609
BMI, kg/ ${\mathrm{m}}^2$	0.02	−0.01, 0.06	0.216	0.07	−0.36, 0.50	0.756
Hip BMD, g/ ${\mathrm{cm}}^2$	0.07	−2.72, 0.49	0.170	−4.32	−23.18, 14.54	0.653
Status of osteoporosis (T-score)	−0.03	−0.48, −0.05	0.016∗	−0.22	−2.60, 2.16	0.856
Time from pain to diagnosis	0.02	−0.06, 0.05	0.792	−0.26	1.73, 11.22	0.178
Associate injury	3.67	−0.04, 0.95	0.071	4.32	0.85, 7.78	0.015∗

BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry disability index; VAS, visual analogue scale.

∗P < 0.05.