Table 1 |.
Markers of cellular components in the bladder tumour microenvironment
| Cell types | Markers | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | ||
| Nonmalignant bladder | |||
| In the lamina propria: fibroblasts with myoid features and sparse myofibroblasts, and interstitial cells of Cajal | Vimentin αSMA Caveolin 1, caveolin 2 PDGFRα CD34 Connexin 43 |
CD34 KIT αSMA Caveolin 1, caveolin 2 PDGFRα |
11 |
| Myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells | Cadherin 11 | NA | 13 |
| Pericytes | PDGFRβ NG2 |
CD31 | 66 |
| Bladder cancer | |||
| Cancer-associated fibroblasts | αSMA | CD31 | 53,117,118 |
| FAP | NA | 53,117,118 | |
| Tenascin C | NA | 50 | |
| PDGFRα, PDGFRβ | NA | 53 | |
| CD90 | NA | 53,117,118 | |
| FSP1 | NA | 117 | |
| Vimentin | NA | 117 | |
| Tumour vasculature: endothelial cells | CD34 DLL4 |
NA | 73 |
| Tumour vasculature: pericytes | αSMA (mouse), αSMA NG2 (rat) |
NA | 66,67,73,163 |
| Monocyte-derived fibrocytes in the lamina propria | αSMA | CD34 | 44 |
| Monocyte-derived fibrocytes in the lamina propria and muscularis propria | CD34 | NA | 47 |
DLL4, delta-like protein 4; FAP, fibroblast activation protein-α; FSP1, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1; NA, not applicable; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor.