. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 18.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Urol. 2022 Jun 28;19(9):515–533. doi: 10.1038/s41585-022-00608-y

Table 3 |.

Association between stromal markers and therapeutic response

Marker	Disease (n analysed)	Therapeutic modality	Prognosis^a	Ref.
High CD8 T cell infiltration plus low eight-gene EMT/ stroma signature (FLNA, EMP3, CALD1, FN1, FOXC2, LOX, FBN1 and TNC)	Metastatic or unresectable, platinum-resistant MIBC (214)	Nivolumab (anti-PD1)	High response rate, increased PFS and OS	¹⁴⁷
COL1A2, FN1 and THBS1	MIBC (103)	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	Chemoresistance	¹⁵⁸
Signatures of T cell activation (HLA-DMA, DMB, HLA-DOA DOB, GZMK, ICOS, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CD8A) and interferon-γ signalling (STAT1, STAT2, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, GZMA, IDO1, CCL2, CCL5, ICAM1 and IL-6)	MIBC (136)	Bladder-sparing trimodality therapy	Increased DSS	¹⁵⁹
Stromal signature (MYH11, CNN1, DES, PCP4, ACTC1, C7, PGM5, MFAP4 and SGCD)	MIBC (223)	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy	Reduced DSS	¹⁵⁹

DSS, disease-specific survival; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NMIBC, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival.

All studies listed here have a P value < 0.05.