Antitumor effects of oncolytic viruses without DC therapy: schematic presentation. Antitumor efficacy (A) and cancer-specific survival (B) of humanized mice receiving either Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L or the unarmed control virus Ad3-hTERT-E1A. PC3-MM2 tumors were implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient SCID mice. To humanize the mice, 10 × 10e6 PBMCs were injected intravenously on day 0. Viruses were injected at 1 × 10e8 VP intratumorally three times as shown in schematic presentation. Dotted lines are mock and PBMCs treated, and full lines are adenovirus treated groups. Of note, mice did not receive DCs in this part of the experiment because the goal was to study the antitumor effect of oncolysis. Tumor growth was monitored every other day. Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L and Ad3-hTERT-E1A have comparable antitumor efficacy in the absence of DC therapy. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.034; **p < 0.004, ***p < 0.001); †mice euthanized. DC, dendritic cell; VP, viral particle.