Fig. 2.

Levels of phosphoinositides with the potential to regulate TRPML1 are altered in the temporal cortex of AD patients. HPLC-MS analysis of PI per PI-internal standard (PI/PI-ISD), as described in the Materials and Methods. Levels of total PIP, PIP₂ and PI(3,4,5)P₃ in mid temporal cortex tissue of AD (n =12) and control (n=12) groups. Levels of total PIP₃ [PI(3,4,5)P₃] and total PIP₂ [PI(4,5)P₂, PI(3,4)P₂ and PI(3,5)P₂], were significantly increased (*P<0.05, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test) in AD cases compared to controls. Regio-isomer classification showed that increased total PIP₂ levels in AD cases represented PI(4,5)P₂ (data not shown). Data are expressed as mean±s.e.m.