Fig. 1.

a The architecture of the FRVSR framework by Sajjadi et al. (2018). Blue boxes are used for LR input data, yellow boxes for field operators, green boxes for HR data and red boxes for CNNs. Loss terms are shown in orange. b Proposed deep learning framework for precipitation. c GEM computational domain at 2.5 km (brown; every 5th grid cell shown) and 250 m (blue; every 20th grid cell shown). The outer thick lines represent the model domain, while the inner thick lines represent the model free domain. Background colors represent orography (m asl). d Urban fraction in the 250 m domain. Water bodies are shown in dark blue