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. 2023 Apr 18;14:2206. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37948-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Schematic illustration of adhesion mechanism of T-ECA. T-ECA is made by activating the adhesive layer on the surface of T-ECH. b 180 degrees peeling test, and shear test conducted with pig skin. The data plotted represents the mean and standard deviation (n = 3, n means the number of the independent experiment). c 180 degrees peel test conducted two weeks after applying on the porcine skin. d 180 degrees peeling test of T-ECA hydrogels activated from T-ECH hydrogels, with various wet tissues including porcine skin, artery, kidney, heart, and liver. The data plotted represents the mean and standard deviation (n = 3, n means the number of the independent experiment). e Optical camera images of strongly attached T-ECA on various tissues.