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. 2023 Apr 5;14:1114103. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114103

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Structure and modification sites of RIPK1. RIPK1 comprises the N-terminal kinase domain, the C-terminal death domain that mediates death signaling, the bridging intermediate domain, and the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM). Phosphorylation sites have two opposite effects: S161 and S166 have a pro-death effect and are phosphorylated after TNF-αstimulate, while S25, T189, S321, S335, and S336 have a pro-survival effect and are phosphorylated by IKK, MK2, and TAK. Ubiquitination sites can be linked by different Ub chains: K115 can be linked by K63 and M1 chain, K376 linked by K11, K63, and M1 chain, K612 linked by M1 chain, while K584 remains unknown. Pink circle with P indicates phosphorylation sites, a yellow circle with Ub indicates ubiquitination sites, green dots indicate K11 ub chain, brown dots indicates K63 ub chain, purple dots indicate M1 ub chain, grey indicates unknown ub chain.