FIGURE 4.

VC and VD₃ improved gut barrier integrity and endotoxemia in obese mice. (A) Immunohistochemistry analysis of ZO-1 and Occludin in the ileum of mice. The brown dot indicates the target protein. Representative images were captured. Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Serum levels of endotoxin. (C) Endotoxin levels in the liver and ileum. (D) Endotoxin-associated gene expression in the liver. (E) Endotoxin-associated gene expression in the ileum. The gene level in the ND group was set as 1, and the relative fold increases were determined by comparison with the ND group. Data are shown as the means ± SDs (n = 12 mice/group), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.