Table 2.
Incidence of hospital-acquired infection and multidrug-resistant organisms.
| Soap-based (reference) | Disinfectant | Probiotic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol compliance | 95.6% | 96.9% | 96.9% |
| Exposed patients | 4708 | 4535 | 4653 |
| Exposure days | 33,704 | 32,633 | 32,596 |
| Hospital-acquired infections | |||
| Incident cases (incidence per 100 patients) | 78 (1.65) | 72 (1.59) | 72 (1.55) |
| Incidence density (per 1000 exposure days) (95% CI) | 2.314 (1.842, 2.873) | 2.206 (1.739, 2.762) | 2.209 (1.741, 2.766) |
| Risk reduction ID (95% CI) | Reference | −0.108 (−0.831, 0.616) | −0.105 (−0.829, 0.619) |
| IRR (95% CI); p value | 1 (ref) | 0.953 (0.692, 1.313); 0.8337 | 0.955 (0.692, 1.315); 0.839 |
| Overall MDRO infection | |||
| Incident cases (incidence density per 100 patients) | 18 (0.382) | 16 (0.353) | 15 (0.322) |
| Rate (per 1000 exposure days) (95% CI) | 0.534 (0.3164, 0.8441) | 0.490 (0.2902, 0.7792) | 0.460 (0.2574, 0.7590) |
| Risk reduction (95% CI) | Reference | −0.044 (−0.388, 0.301) | −0.074 (−0.413, 0.2654) |
| IRR (95% CI); p value | 1 (ref) | 0.919 (0.468, 1.800); 0.8073 | 0.862 (0.434, 1.710); 0.6757 |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | |||
| Incident cases (%) | 6 (0.127) | 1 (0.022) | 2 (0.043) |
| Rate (per 1000 exposure days) (95% CI) | 0.178 (0.072, 0.370) | 0.031 (0.002, 0.151) | 0.061 (0.010, 0.203) |
| Risk reduction ID (95% CI) | Reference | −0.1474 (−0.302, 0.072) | −0.117 (−0.283, 0.049) |
| IRR (95% CI); p value | 1 (ref) | 0.172 (0.021, 1.43); 0.136 | 0.345 (0.069, 1.707); 0.312 |
| Vancomycin-resistant enterococci | |||
| Incident cases (%) | 6 (0.127) | 6 (0.018) | 3 (0.065) |
| Rate (per 1000 exposure days) (95% CI) | 0.178 (0.072, 0.370) | 0.184 (0.075, 0.382) | 0.092 (0.023, 0.25) |
| Risk reduction ID (95% CI) | Reference | 0.058 (−0.199, 0.211) | −0.0856 (−0.262, 0.091) |
| IRR (95% CI); p value | 1 (ref) | 1.033 (0.333, 3.202); 1.000 | 0.517 (0.129, 2.067); 0.541 |
| Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria | |||
| Incident cases (%) | 6 (0.127) | 9 (0.198) | 10 (0.215) |
| Rate (per 1000 exposure days) (95% CI) | 0.178 (0.0722, 0.370) | 0.276 (0.135, 0.506) | 0.307 (0.156, 0.547) |
| Risk reduction ID (95% CI) | Reference | 0.098 (−0.132, 0.327) | 0.1289 (−0.109, 0.366) |
| IRR (95% CI); p value | 1 (ref) | 1.549 (0.552, 4.352); 0.564 | 1.723 (0.626, 4.741); 0.415 |
ID, incidence density; IRR, incidence rate ratio; CI, confidence interval; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organisms.