Table 5.

Natural fiber-reinforced 3D-printed composites.

Fiber type	Polymer matrix	Fiber content (wt.%)	Ref.
Hemp	PP & PLA	10–30 & 0–30	[174,175]
Bamboo	PLA	20	[176]
Sugarcane	PLA	3–15	[177]
Flax	PLA	15	[178]
Rice straw	ABS	0–15	[179]
Lignin	ABS	0–40	[180]
Wood	PLA	40	[181]
Thermomechanical pulp	Bio-PE	10–20	[182]
Cardboard dust	HDPE	20, 50, & 70	[183]

ABS = Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, PLA = polylactide acid, PP = polypropylene, HDPE = High-density polyethylene.