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. 2023 Mar 28;72:101716. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101716

Figure 1.

Figure 1

MacTel patients exhibit altered levels of non-essential amino acids and sphingolipids. (A) Log-fold change of nominally significant metabolites in 16 amino acids in MacTel subjects compared to Controls. Points denote the log-fold change and bars extend to the 95% confidence interval. Bold bars indicate significance after correction for FDR. (B) Correlation table of amino acids and lipids principal components in Controls. Numbers indicate Pearson's correlation coefficient (R). Abbreviations in this panel: Cer, ceramide; DHC, dihydroceramide; Glu, glucosyl-ceramide; Lac, lactosyl-ceramide; SDC, ceramide (d18:2/xx); SM, sphingomyelin; doxDHC, deoxydihydroceramide; doxCer, deoxyceramide. (C) Simplified metabolic map demonstrating the connections between glycolysis, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, and the urea cycle. (D) Map of SL metabolism with the de novo and salvage pathways indicated. (E) Change in all measured sphingolipids (SL) between MacTel subjects compared to Controls, grouped by SL class. The tiles in each row represent lipids contained in that class, colored by log fold change in MacTel compared to Controls. The color blue represents depletion and red represents increased abundance. (F) Changes in abundance across SL classes. Each row is composed of tiles representing lipids contained in the group. The color of each tile represents the mean log fold change of that lipid in MacTel patients to Controls. The color blue represents depletion and red represents increased abundance. Abbreviations: doxDHCer, deoxydihydroceramide; doxCer, deoxyceramide; DHCer, dihydroceramide; Cer, ceramide; Gluc/Gal-Cer or GlucCer, glucosyl/galactosyl-ceramide; Lact-Cer, lactosyl-ceramide; SM, sphingomyelin.