Table 3.2.
Barriers to the use of e-health by disease state, N = 1255.
| TDF-domain | Itema | Disease state |
ANOVAa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute episode (N = 236) |
Residual symptoms (N = 509) |
Symptom-free (N = 464) |
Uncertain (N = 46) |
||||
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
| D1 | Knowledge | 1) I am aware that e-health can be used. | 1.90 (0.88) | 2.00 (0.79) | 2.03 (0.80) | 1.85 (0.98) | F = 1.42, p = .234, ηp2 = 0.001 |
| D2 | Skills | 2) I have the skills to use a computer or a smartphone for e-health. | 2.24 (0.86) | 2.33 (0.77) | 2.42 (0.74) | 2.08 (0.88) | F = 3.97, p = .047, ηp2 = 0.003 |
| D3 | Social/professional role | 3) It is my responsibility as a patient to use e-health when it is offered, and physical contacts should be reduced. | 1.48 (0.93) | 1.61 (0.87) | 1.72 (0.87) | 1.39 (1.01) | F = 5.89, p = .015, ηp2 = 0.005 |
| D4 | Beliefs about capabilities | 4) I am confident that if I wanted, I could make e-health work well for me. | 1.40 (0.94) | 1.55 (0.92) | 1.68 (0.90) | 1.44 (1.01) | F = 11.16, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.009 |
| D5 | Optimism | 5) With regard to the usage of e-health I am optimistic. | 1.29 (0.98) | 1.49 (0.89) | 1.59 (0.89) | 1.31 (0.97) | F = 11.62, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.009 |
| D6 | Beliefs about consequences | 6) If I used e-health, it would benefit my health. | 1.26 (0.95) | 1.41 (0.87) | 1.40 (0.85) | 1.22 (0.95) | F = 1.70, p = .193, ηp2 = 0.001 |
| 7) If I used e-health, it would have disadvantages for my relationship with my psychotherapist or doctor. | 1.37 (1.00) | 1.27 (0.91) | 1.21 (0.96) | 1.11 (0.86) | F = 4.74, p = .030, ηp2 = 0.004 | ||
| D8 | Intentions | 8) I intend to use e-health when offered as an option. | 1.19 (1.02) | 1.26 (0.96) | 1.30 (0.96) | 1.24 (1.06) | F = 2.89, p = .089, ηp2 = 0.002 |
| D9 | Goals | 9) The usage of e-health is compatible with my preferences and needs that I have in therapy. | 1.15 (0.98) | 1.21 (0.93) | 1.24 (0.88) | 1.18 (1.02) | F = 1.76, p = .185, ηp2 = 0.001 |
| D10 | Memory, attention, and decision processes | 10) When I use e-health I am able to focus my attention so that I become unaware of what's going on around me. | 1.10 (0.97) | 1.17 (0.90) | 1.27 (0.95) | 1.07 (1.00) | F = 4.15, p = .042, ηp2 = 0.003 |
| D11 | Environmental context and resources | 11) The usage of e-health is sufficiently promoted and supported. | 1.08 (0.82) | 1.12 (0.78) | 1.18 (0.79) | 0.93 (0.74) | F = 0.97, p = .324, ηp2 < 0.001 |
| D12 | Social influences | 12) Most people who are close to me would approve of me using e-health. | 1.18 (0.93) | 1.17 (0.86) | 1.09 (0.89) | 0.90 (0.86) | F = 2.53, p = .112, ηp2 = 0.002 |
| D13 | Emotions | 13) When using e-health, I find it more difficult to deal with my feelings. | 2.22 (0.99) | 2.25 (0.93) | 2.41 (0.98) | 2.34 (0.98) | F = 6.99, p = .008, ηp2 = 0.006 |
| 14) When using e-health I am worried about the confidentiality. | 1.56 (1.05) | 1.43 (0.97) | 1.40 (1.02) | 1.54 (1.03) | F = 2.22, p = .136, ηp2 = 0.002 | ||
Notes. Barriers were assessed on a Likert scale (0 = “strongly disagree” to 3 = “strongly agree”), M = mean, SD = standard deviation.
Statistically significant results (p < .05) are bold.
a
Post-hoc ANOVAs if MANOVA was significant.