Fig. 2.

Interpaly between human papillomavirus (HPV), vaginal microbiome and the host. In community state type I (CST I) and CST V, L. crispatus and L. jensenii are dominant, respectively, which may be protective against HPV acquisition. In CST II, L. gasseri is prominent that particularly is associated with clearance of HPV infection. In CST III, L. iners is common that is associated with acquisition and persistence of HPV infection and progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (CIN I). In CST IV, anaerobic bacteria were dominant which is corolated with progression to CIN II/III and consequently to invasive cervical cancer