Table 1.
Percentage of individuals with an existing autism diagnosis as of 31st December 2018 and adjusted rate ratios for sex, age, calendar year, social deprivation, and ID.
| Covariate | Males |
Females |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude percentage diagnosed autistic (95% CI) | Approximate proportion already diagnosed autistic by end of 2018 | Adjusted rate ratioa | Crude percentage diagnosed autistic (95% CI) | Approximate proportion already diagnosed autistic by end of 2018 | Adjusted rate ratioa | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | 1 in 80 | – | |||
| Female | 0.35 (0.33–0.38) | 1 in 280 | – | |||
| Age band | ||||||
| 0–4 years | 0.54 (0.40–0.71) | 1 in 190 | 1 | 0.24 (0.15–0.37) | 1 in 420 | 1 |
| 5–9 years | 3.07 (2.83–3.32) | 1 in 33 | 5.36 (4.03–7.13) | 0.82 (0.70–0.96) | 1 in 120 | 3.24 (2.07–5.07) |
| 10–14 years | 4.36 (4.08–4.66) | 1 in 23 | 7.42 (5.60–9.85) | 1.29 (1.13–1.45) | 1 in 80 | 4.84 (3.12–7.49) |
| 15–19 years | 4.40 (4.09–4.72) | 1 in 23 | 7.05 (5.31–9.36) | 1.37 (1.20–1.56) | 1 in 75 | 4.93 (3.18–7.65) |
| 20–29 years | 2.55 (2.38–2.73) | 1 in 39 | 3.91 (2.95–5.19) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | 1 in 130 | 2.45 (1.58–3.81) |
| 30–39 years | 0.54 (0.46–0.62) | 1 in 190 | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) | 0.19 (0.15–0.23) | 1 in 550 | 0.66 (0.41–1.06) |
| 40–49 years | 0.24 (0.20–0.29) | 1 in 420 | 0.43 (0.30–0.59) | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | 1 in 850 | 0.42 (0.26–0.70) |
| 50–59 years | 0.18 (0.15–0.23) | 1 in 550 | 0.32 (0.23–0.46) | 0.10 (0.07–0.13) | 1 in 1000 | 0.37 (0.22–0.61) |
| 60–69 years | 0.13 (0.09–0.17) | 1 in 800 | 0.23 (0.15–0.34) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 1 in 3400 | 0.11 (0.05–0.24) |
| 70+ years | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 1 in 3000 | 0.06 (0.03–0.12) | <0.01 (0.00–0.01) | <1 in 9500 | 0.01 (0.00–0.07) |
| Townsend deprivation quintile | ||||||
| 1 (least) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 1 in 110 | 1 | 0.27 (0.23–0.30) | 1 in 380 | 1 |
| 2 | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1 in 90 | 1.14 (1.02–1.27) | 0.36 (0.32–0.41) | 1 in 280 | 1.33 (1.10–1.61) |
| 3 | 1.33 (1.24–1.42) | 1 in 75 | 1.27 (1.14–1.41) | 0.38 (0.34–0.43) | 1 in 260 | 1.30 (1.08–1.56) |
| 4 | 1.41 (1.31–1.51) | 1 in 70 | 1.25 (1.12–1.40) | 0.39 (0.34–0.45) | 1 in 260 | 1.21 (1.00–1.48) |
| 5 (most) | 1.60 (1.47–1.75) | 1 in 60 | 1.43 (1.26–1.62) | 0.44 (0.37–0.52) | 1 in 220 | 1.38 (1.10–1.73) |
| ID diagnosis | ||||||
| No ID diagnosis | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 1 in 95 | 1 | 0.29 (0.27–0.31) | 1 in 340 | 1 |
| ID diagnosis | 23.14 (21.20–25.21) | 1 in 4 | 16.89 (15.30–18.64) | 11.63 (10.02–13.42) | 1 in 9 | 35.32 (29.95–41.64) |
95% CIs provided in parentheses.
Abbreviation: ID: Intellectual Disability.
a
Adjusted for other variables considered: sex, age band, year, Townsend deprivation quintile, co-occurring ID; Adjusted rate ratios compared with the reference group for each categorical variable. Estimated with clustering at the practice level. Adjusted rate ratio for the main effect of sex: 0.33 (0.31–0.35) (male sex is reference category).