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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transl Stroke Res. 2022 Feb 11;13(5):830–844. doi: 10.1007/s12975-022-00994-w

Fig 3. Deficits in adult neurogenesis in Smo cKO mice increase anxiety levels in young adult mice.

Fig 3.

Comparable total distance traveled in the EPM during the EPM test (5min) was observed between Smo cKO and control mice (A, 3m Control, n=11. 3m Smo cKO, n=14; D, 12m Control, n=15. 12m Smo cKO, n=11, Students’ t-test). EPM test results on 3m old young adult mice showed a significantly lower percentage of time spent, or distance traveled in the open arm in Smo cKO group compared to control group, indicating elevated anxiety level (B, C). EPM test results on 12m old middle-aged mice showed comparable percentage of time spent, or distance traveled in the open arm between Smo cKO group and control group, indicating similar anxiety level (E, F). Smo cKO mice exhibit increased immobile time compared to control group mice in Forced Swim Test, indicating increased depression-like behavior in young-adult cKO mice. (G, H, Control, n=5. Smo cKO, n=7, Students’ t-test). All data shown are Mean±SEM. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001. For statistical detail, see Table S1.