Table 3.
In vitro inhibitory activities of all final synthesised compounds (6a–p) and references on LPS-induced ROS, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells.
| Compound | ROS IC50 (µM) | NO IC50 (µM) | IL-6 concentration (pg/mL) | TNF-α concentration (pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6a | 35.71 ± 1.08 | 0.97 ± 1.67 | 173.7 ± 4.77# | 1157.00 ± 78.71* |
| 6b | 55.53 ± 1.00 | 1.57 ± 1.29 | 512.1 ± 46.13* | 779.60 ± 7.41# |
| 6c | 48.10 ± 1.07 | 1.54 ± 1.02 | 468.4 ± 87.46* | 955.00 ± 4.66*# |
| 6d | 36.96 ± 1.00 | 4.12 ± 0.65 | 358.7 ± 12.85* | 1222.00 ± 12.70* |
| 6e | >100 | >100 | 198.8 ± 6.08# | 1929.00 ± 53.88* |
| 6f | 63.64 ± 1.30 | 4.05 ± 0.35 | 207.3 ± 4.51# | 1239.00 ± 20.50* |
| 6g | >100 | 1.24 ± 0.56 | 363.2 ± 12.62* | 1292.00 ± 16.72* |
| 6h | 41.18 ± 1.00 | 2.73 ± 0.32 | 328.9 ± 1.31* | 720.60 ± 4.90*# |
| 6i | 5.90 ± 1.84 | 7.89 ± 1.02 | 84.60 ± 2.67# | 1821.00 ± 10.40* |
| 6j | 24.09 ± 1.08 | 13.54 ± 0.29 | 164.6 ± 5.09# | 757.30 ± 2.50*# |
| 6k | 5.04 ± 1.43 | 3.10 ± 0.86 | 88.53 ± 0.87# | 2024.00 ± 26.30* |
| 6l | 37.94 ± 1.00 | 5.24 ± 0.50 | 536.8 ± 3.55* | 1250.00 ± 5.82* |
| 6m | 57.20 ± 1.00 | 10.30 ± 0.27 | 290.7 ± 5.5* | 935.60 ± 3.85*# |
| 6n | 39.43 ± 2.25 | 19.85 ± 0.71 | 535.3 ± 15.25* | 1981.00 ± 209.9* |
| 6o | 23.40 ± 1.13 | 1.97 ± 1.45 | 37.23 ± 1.19# | 39.37 ± 1.21 |
| 6p | 38.64 ± 1.33 | 10.84 ± 0.05 | 237.2 ± 3.19*# | 1549.00 ± 20.25* |
| Celecoxib | 7.57 ± 1.32 | 14.39 ± 0.08 | 176.4 ± 70.48# | 383.3 ± 27.8# |
| Diclofenac | 43.78 ± 1.04 | 24.08 ± 0.15 | 342.90 ± 40.81* | 666.60 ± 11.71# |
| Indomethacin | 79.36 ± 1.14 | 46.45 ± 1.07 | ND | ND |
NO: nitric oxide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6; ND: not done.
IC50 in (µM) concentration as expressed as mean ± SEM, for three replicates.
IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected in cells treated with 25 µM of the tested compounds.
*p < 0.05 vs. celecoxib.
#p < 0.05 vs. diclofenac.