TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status; men in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1991)

	No NAFLD		NAFLD
	N = 731b		N = 188b		P valuea
Age, y (mean, SE)	38.8	0.8	46.6	1.4	<.001
Race/ethnicity (%, SE)
Non-Hispanic white	86.4	1.8	85.1	2.5	.11
Non-Hispanic black	8.6	1.4	6.9	1.5
Mexican-American	5.1	0.9	8.1	1.5
Body mass index, kg/m2 (%, SE)
<18.5	1.2	0.6	0.0		<.001
18.5–24.9	49.2	2.5	16.3	4.5
25–29.9	38.0	2.3	35.3	6.1
30–34.9	9.2	1.5	35.6	6.2
≥35	2.4	1.2	12.8	3.1
High waist circumference >102 cm (%, SE)	15.0	1.9	65.8	4.9	<.001
Regular leisure-time physical activity (%, SE)	59.8	3.7	38.6	6.2	.001
Current smoking (%, SE)	33.9	2.7	25.0	5.0	.07
Moderate alcohol consumption (%, SE)	48.1	3.6	36.9	6.7	.028
Total cholesterol mg/dL (mean, SE)	201.7	1.8	219.8	5.9	.016
High density lipoprotein cholesterol mg/dL (mean, SE)	54.2	7.0	45.2	2.0	.260
Triglycerides mg/dL (mean, SE)	123.7	4.3	236.3	42.7	.015
Triglycerides: high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (mean, SE)	3.0	0.1	6.1	1.0	.004
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L (mean, SE)	16.7	0.3	23.6	1.4	<.001
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (mean, SE)	21.3	0.5	25.1	1.1	.008
Sex steroid hormone concentrations (geometric mean, 95% CI)
Total testosterone, ng/mL	5.4	(5.2–5.7)	4.0	(3.8–4.3)	<.001
Free testosterone, ng/mL	0.108	(0.103–0.114)	0.085	(0.076–0.095)	.001
Total estradiol, pg/mL	35.8	(34.2–37.5)	35.4	(33.1–37.8)	.69
Free estradiol, pg/mL	0.905	(0.861–0.951)	0.949	(0.884–1.019)	.026
SHBG nmol/L	35.1	(33.5–36.7)	29.2	(26.2–32.5)	.005
AAG, ng/mL	12.3	(11.5–13.2)	11.3	(9.7–13.2)	.38

Abbreviations: AAG, androstanediol glucuronide; CI, confidence interval; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin.

^at-test for independent samples or Pearson χ² test.

^bUnweighted N.