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. 2022 Sep 10;146(4):1453–1466. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac331

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Temporal lobe white matter neuroinflammation. Top panels show the numbers of microglia (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) in the TWM regions (TWM1 and TWM2). Asterisk denotes significant difference of P < 0.05 between the two groups indicated. Data are means ± SEM. Bottom panels show the representative photomicrographs of microglia (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) in the TWM2 region. Note the profound decrease in microglia density, as well as a more subtle decrease in astrocyte density in the UCO-Etanercept group. All images were taken at ×20 magnification, insets are ×3 enlargements. (A) Example of ramified microglia in the control group. (B) Example of amoeboid microglia in the UCO-vehicle group. (C) Examples of ramified microglia and (D) amoeboid microglia in the UCO-Etanercept group. Scale bar = 100 µm.