Table 2.
Association between SDOH issues (exposure) and maternal obesity (outcome)
| N=12,106,775 | ||
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| SDOH issues | ||
|
| ||
| No | reference | |
|
| ||
| Yes | 1.15 (1.05-1.35) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
|
| ||
| NH-White | reference | |
|
| ||
| NH-Black | 1.56 (1.50-1.61) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Hispanic | 1.09 (1.05-1.15) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| NH-Other | 0.69 (0.66-0.73) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Age | ||
|
| ||
| <25 years | reference | |
|
| ||
| 25-34 years | 1.03 (0.94-1.13) | 0.12 |
|
| ||
| 35-49 years | 1.34 (1.32-1.36) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Discharge Status | ||
|
| ||
| Routine | reference | |
|
| ||
| Transfer | 0.94 (0.87-1.00) | 0.05 |
|
| ||
| Died | 0.73 (0.48-1.11) | 0.14 |
|
| ||
| DAMA | 0.85 (0.79-0.91) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Other | 1.54 (1.43-1.65) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Zip Income quartile | ||
|
| ||
| Lowest quartile | reference | |
|
| ||
| 2nd quartile | 0.94 (0.92-0.97) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| 3rd quartile | 0.89 (0.86-0.91) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Highest quartile | 0.64 (0.61-0.66) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Primary Payer | ||
|
| ||
| Medicare | reference | |
|
| ||
| Medicaid | 0.73 (0.69-0.77) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Private Insurance | 0.61 (0.58-0.65) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Self-Pay | 0.43 (0.40-0.46) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Hospital Characteristics | ||
|
| ||
| Hospital Region | ||
|
| ||
| Northeast | reference | |
|
| ||
| Midwest | 1.11 (1.02-1.20) | 0.03 |
|
| ||
| South | 1.07 (0.98-1.16) | 0.16 |
|
| ||
| West | 1.19 (1.09-1.29) | 0.13 |
|
| ||
| Hospital Bed Size | ||
|
| ||
| Small | reference | |
|
| ||
| Medium | 0.93 (0.87-0.99) | 0.02 |
|
| ||
| Large | 1.09 (1.03-1.16) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Hospital Location and Teaching Status | ||
|
| ||
| Rural | reference | |
|
| ||
| Urban non- teaching | 1.15 (1.07-1.23) | <0.01 |
|
| ||
| Urban teaching | 1.41 (1.33-1.50) | <0.01 |
Results obtained from survey logistic regression with SDOH issues as the exposure and maternal obesity as the outcome, while adjusting for covariates such as maternal age, race/ethnicity, discharge status, zip code income quartile, primary payer, hospital’s location, teaching status, region and bed size; SDOH - Social Determinants of Health NH – non-Hispanic; DAMA – discharged against medical advice