Table 1. Comparison of patients with COVID-19 with/without post-decannulation systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, VA: venoarterial; VV: veno-venous; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome
| COVID+ with SIRS (n=10) | COVID+ without SIRS (n=17) | P-values | |
| Pre-ECMO demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 56.2 ± 8.0 | 46.2 ± 11.8 | 0.026 |
| Male | 7 (70%) | 12 (71%) | 0.974 |
| Body surface area (cm2) | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 0.073 |
| Body mass index | 35.5 ± 8.0 | 34.0 ± 6.9 | 0.611 |
| ECMO strategy | |||
| VA | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| VV | 10 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 1.000 |
| Length on ECMO (days) | 20.7 ± 12.3 | 19.5 ± 20.4 | 0.868 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Smoking | 1 (10%) | 2 (12%) | 0.888 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (20%) | 4 (24%) | 0.831 |
| Pre-ECMO vitals signs | |||
| Temperature (°F) | 99.9 ± 1.5 | 99.3 ± 1.6 | 0.345 |
| Heart Rate | 102.1 ± 28.2 | 107.5 ± 21.0 | 0.575 |
| Respiratory rate | 30.3 ± 5.9 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 0.139 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 80.1 ± 17.1 | 85.6 ± 11.3 | 0.323 |
| FiO2 (%) | 93.0 ± 14.9 | 91.8 ± 12.4 | 0.823 |
| PEEP (cm) | 14.8 ± 3.6 | 15.1 ± 5.2 | 0.874 |
| Pre-ECMO laboratory data | |||
| White blood cell count (B/L) | 15.7 ± 8.2 | 15.0 ± 11.5 | 0.868 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 0.683 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.777 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 58.2 ± 31.1 | 62.1 ± 30.0 | 0.750 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 46.2 ± 30.2 | 65.3 ± 60.9 | 0.365 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.480 |
| Pre-decannulation laboratory data | |||
| White blood cell count (B/L) | 14.5 ± 6.4 | 13.6 ± 5.7 | 0.708 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.999 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.312 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 60.1 ± 27.8 | 85.3 ± 118.0 | 0.516 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 45.2 ± 28.2 | 80.1 ± 101.3 | 0.300 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.501 |
| Complications during ECMO | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 2 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 0.055 |
| Acute liver failure | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Stroke | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 0.434 |
| Cannulation site bleed | 1 (10%) | 1 (6%) | 0.693 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 1 (10%) | 3 (18%) | 0.589 |
| SIRS phenomenon | |||
| Fever 24 hours post-decannulation | 9 (90%) | 5 (29%) | 0.002 |
| Leukocytosis 24 hours post-decannulation | 3 (30%) | 0 (0%) | 0.016 |
| Vasopressor use | 6 (60%) | 5 (29%) | 0.118 |
| Outcomes | |||
| 30-day survival | 7 (70%) | 16 (94%) | 0.088 |