Table 3. Comparison of patients who experienced systemic inflammatory response syndrome in those with/without preceding COVID-19 infection.
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, VA: venoarterial; VV: veno-venous; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; PEEP: positive end expiratory pressure; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome
| COVID positive SIRS (n=10) | COVID negative SIRS (n=96) | P-values | |
| Pre-ECMO demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 56.2 ± 8.0 | 49.6 ± 14.3 | 0.039 |
| Male | 7 (70%) | 67 (70%) | 0.989 |
| Body surface area (cm2) | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.999 |
| Body mass index | 35.5 ± 8.0 | 32.2 ± 8.9 | 0.245 |
| ECMO strategy | |||
| VA | 0 (0%) | 63 (66%) | <0.001 |
| VV | 10 (100%) | 23 (34%) | <0.001 |
| Length on ECMO (days) | 20.7 ± 12.3 | 10.7 ± 5.5 | 0.031 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Smoking history | 1 (10%) | 33 (34%) | 0.116 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0%) | 36 (38%) | 0.017 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2 (20%) | 22 (23%) | 0.834 |
| Pre-ECMO vital signs | |||
| Temperature (°F) | 99.9 ± 1.5 | 97.9 ± 4.9 | 0.006 |
| Heart rate | 102.1 ± 28.2 | 99.0 ± 36.5 | 0.754 |
| Respiratory rate | 30.3 ± 5.9 | 22.0 ± 8.4 | 0.002 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 80.1 ± 17.1 | 70.9 ± 24.4 | 0.146 |
| FiO2 (%) | 93.0 ± 14.9 | 93.7 ± 16.7 | 0.891 |
| PEEP (cm) | 14.8 ± 3.6 | 11.5 ± 6.4 | 0.024 |
| Pre-ECMO laboratory data | |||
| White blood cell count (B/L) | 15.7 ± 8.2 | 14.6 ± 7.8 | 0.694 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 0.057 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 58.2 ± 31.1 | 358.7 ± 1051.1 | 0.006 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 46.2 ± 30.2 | 277.9 ± 1003.6 | 0.027 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Pre-decannulation laboratory data | |||
| White blood cell count (B/L) | 14.5 ± 6.4 | 15.3 ± 6.4 | 0.715 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 0.242 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 60.1 ± 27.8 | 67.2 ± 46.7 | 0.489 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 45.2 ± 28.2 | 64.4 ± 59.8 | 0.092 |
| SIRS phenomenon | |||
| Fever 24 hours post-decannulation | 9 (90%) | 87 (91%) | 0.949 |
| Leukocytosis 24 hours post-decannulation | 3 (30%) | 72 (75%) | 0.003 |
| New infection | 4 (40%) | 37 (39%) | 0.928 |
| Outcomes | |||
| 30-day survival | 7 (70%) | 84 (88%) | 0.131 |