Extended Data Fig. 7. Enterobacteriaceae enrichment in the fecal microbiota and systemic inflammatory response during critical illness.

(a) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of the systemic inflammatory mediators at time of ICU admission in patients who subsequently developed (N = 18 patients) or did not develop (N = 26 patients) progressive fecal Enterobacteriaceae enrichment. Statistical comparisons were performed using permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), each point represents an individual patient-time point, p value as shown. (b–d) Plasma levels of inflammatory mediators were compared (shown as log₂ fold difference) between ICU patients with (N = 18) or without (N = 26) progressive enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in their fecal microbiota on day 1 of admission, and again from survivors who remined in ICU on day 3, and day 7.