Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | ICU patients (n = 51) | Healthy controls (n = 18) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (years), median (range) | 61 (20–86) | 32 (22–68) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 31 (60.8) | 8 (44.4) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 20 (39.2) | 10 (55.6) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White | 29 (56.9) | 11 (61.1) |
| Asian | 12 (23.5) | 5 (27.8) |
| Black | 3 (5.8) | 1 (5.6) |
| Hispanic | 1 (2.0) | 0 |
| Indigenous | 6 (11.8) | 1 (5.6) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 9 (17.6) | 2 (11.1) |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 15 (29.4) | 0 |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 10 (19.6) | 2 (11.1) |
| Cirrhosis | 0 | 0 |
| Chronic kidney disease (on dialysis) | 0 | 0 |
| GERD, n (%) | 11 (21.7) | 2 (11.1) |
| Charlson index, median (range) | 1 (0–8) | 0 (0–1) |
| Admission diagnosis, n (%) | ||
| Sepsis | 24 (47.1) | NA |
| Trauma | 12 (23.5) | NA |
| Neurological | 10 (16.6) | NA |
| Medical (other)a | 5 (9.8) | NA |
| Illness severity | ||
| Admission SOFA score, median (range) | 8.0 (2–16) | NA |
| Therapies, n (%) | ||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 51 (100) | NA |
| Antibiotics at ICU admission | 28 (54.9) | NA |
| Enteral nutrition | 51 (100) | NA |
| Parenteral nutrition | 0 (0) | NA |
| Outcomes | ||
| Nosocomial infection (to day 30), n (%) | 28 (54.9) | NA |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation (days), median (range) | 6 (1–24) | NA |
| Duration of ICU stay (days), median (range) | 7 (2–31) | NA |
| Duration of hospitalization (days), median (range) | 17 (4–207) | NA |
| Mortality (to day 30), n (%) | 17 (33.3) | NA |
aMedical (other) admission diagnoses include cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic shock and pulmonary embolism. NA, not available.