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. 2023 Apr 17;29(4):950–962. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02268-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — Manhattan and Quantile-Quantile (QQ) plots of the p-values (observed versus expected) in the cross-ancestry (A) and European (B) GWAS meta-analyses are presented along with the genomic inflation factor (λ). For QQ plots the observed -log₁₀(p) is represented in the y-axis and the expected -log₁₀(p) in x-axis. The dotted line corresponds to the genome-wide significance threshold (p = 5×10⁻⁸, two sided). PVS indicates perivascular spaces; WM, white matter; BG, basal ganglia; HIP, hippocampus.