Extended Data Fig. 3. The absolute burden of T2D attributable to suboptimal diet at the national level per 1 M population in (A) 1990 and (B) 2018.

Heatmap reflects the estimated absolute burden of T2D incidence due to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors jointly: insufficient intake of whole grains, yogurt, fruit, nuts and seeds, and non-starchy vegetables; and excess intake of refined rice and wheat, processed meats, unprocessed red meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, potatoes, and fruit juice. The burden due to suboptimal diet was estimated using proportional multiplication, assuming that half the benefit of whole grains intake is mediated through replacement of refined rice and wheat intake. The absolute burden per 1 million population was calculated by dividing the absolute number of diet-attributable cases by the country population in that year and multiplying by 1 million. Different scales (0 to 4000 cases vs. 0 to 8000 cases) were used to better reflect the absolute case distribution globally in 1990 and 2018, respectively.