Table 2.

Descriptive statistics.

Variable	Abbreviations	N	Mean	p50	SD	Min	Max
Total factor productivity of enterprises	tfp	2750	9.045	9.007	0.857	5.967	12.07
Degree of digital transformation	Dig	2750	0.672	0	0.863	0	4.673
Green technology innovation	GI	2750	0.172	0	0.425	0	3.332
Corporate social responsibility	CSR	2750	22.32	20.80	13.64	− 9.540	89.01
Cost stickiness	JSTICKY	2750	0.720	0.424	0.845	0	10.29
Enterprise size	Size	2750	3.093	3.088	0.053	2.948	3.282
Gearing ratio	Lev	2750	0.421	0.415	0.201	0.014	1.398
business age	Age	2750	2.864	2.890	0.440	1.386	7.611
Shareholding concentration	Shrcr1	2750	35.40	33.34	14.62	5.048	85.23
Board size	Board	2750	2.146	2.197	0.197	1.386	2.890
Percentage of independent directors	Independent	2750	0.372	0.333	0.053	0.200	0.667
Total return on assets	Roa	2750	0.045	0.040	0.062	− 0.408	0.466