. 2023 Apr 6;14:1182666. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1182666

TABLE 1.

Relationship between neurotrophins and the pathogenesis of depression.

Neurotrophins	First discovered	Changes in MDD	References
BDNF	1980s	↓Amygdala	Hofer and Barde, (1988), Leibrock et al., 1989, Guilloux et al., 2012, Wook Koo et al., 2016, Zhang, (2011)
	Barde	↓Plasma
		↓Serum
		↓DG
		↑NAc
GDNF	1993	↓Serum	Lin et al., 1993, Zhang et al., 2009
GDNF	Lin	↓Serum	Lin et al., 1993, Zhang et al., 2009
VEGF	1989	↓Plasma	Leung et al., 1989, Isung et al., 2012, Castillo et al., 2020, Lee and Kim, (2012)
VEGF	Ferrara	↑Plasma
NGF	1956	↓Serum	Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti, (1968), Wiener et al., 2015
NGF	Levi-Montalcini	↓Serum	Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti, (1968), Wiener et al., 2015

MDD, major depressive disorder; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; DG, dentate gyrus; NAc, nucleus accumbens.