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. 2023 Apr 6;14:1129465. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129465

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Copyright © 2023 Zhou and Yang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The definition and explanation of primary resistance and secondary resistance. Primary resistance: tumors in primary resistance NSCLC patients may contain no or only a few sensitive tumor cells to immunotherapy, which may present no active immune response (PD) or activate antitumor immune response followed by swiftly submerging by intricated mechanism (SD<6 months). Secondary resistance: When tumors contain no or only a few resistive tumor cells to immunotherapy, NSCLC patients will show a favorable and lasting response (CR, PR, SD) to immunotherapy (>6 months). However, some will form secondary resistance when tumor cells lose active response to immunotherapy by complicated mechanisms.