Table 1.

The regulatory effect of probiotics on enteroendocrine-osseous axis.

Probiotics strains	Animals	Target hormones	Bone phenotypes	References
Lactobacillus plantarum WJL	Drosophila	dILPs ↑	Growth rate ↑	Storelli et al. (2011)
Lactobacillus plantarum WJL, NIZO2877	BALB/c Mice	GH, IGF-1and IGFBP-3 ↑	Body length and femur length ↑	Schwarzer et al. (2016)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501	Zebrafish	IGF-1and IGF-2 ↑	Backbone calcification ↑	Avella et al. (2012)
Bacillus subtilis	Broiler chicken	GH, IGF-1 ↑	Tibia weight, length, density and ash content ↑	Abdelqader et al. (2020)
Bacillus subtilis	Broiler chicken	Central 5-HT ↑	BMD of tibia and femur ↑	Yan et al. (2018)
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765	C57BL-6 mice	PTH ↓	Trabecular architecture (volumetric fraction, trabecular number and trabecular pattern factor) ↑	Fernández-Murga et al. (2020)