Table 2.
Within-group and between group comparison of outcomes in different intervention period.
| Control-first group (n = 10) | Intervention-first group (n = 10) | Between group comparison | Between group comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period 1 (Control) | Period 2 (Intervention) | Period 1 (Intervention) | Period 2 (Control) | Period 1 | Period 2 | |||
| Δ1 | Δ2 | p Value | Δ1 | Δ2 | p Value | p Value | p Value | |
| Body weight (kg) | 0.8 (−0.2, 1.1) | −0.6 (−0.9, 0.7) | *0.02 | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.3) | −0.15 (−0.9, 0) | 0.76 | 0.11 | 0.79 |
| BMI | 0.25 (−0.01, 0.4) | −0.25 (−0.3, 0.3) | 0.15 | −0.05 (−0.1, 0.2) | −0.05 (−0.3, 0) | 0.61 | 0.615 | 0.76 |
| Muscle weight (kg) | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.9) | −0.2 (−0.5, -0.1) | 0.17 | −0.05 (−0.3, 0.6) | 0 (−0.4, 0.1) | 0.24 | 0.76 | 0.38 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.05 (−0.8, 1.4) | 0.05 (−0.6, 1) | 0.80 | −0.4 (−1.2, 0.1) | 0 (−0.5, 0.7) | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.91 |
| Fat percentage (%) | 0.1 (−1.2, 1.1) | 0.25 (−0.7, 0.8) | 0.61 | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.1) | 0.05 (−0.4, 0.8) | *0.01 | 0.62 | 0.69 |
| Visceral fat (cm2) | −0.65 (−4.3, 8.3) | 1.85 (−2.1, 4.4) | 0.88 | −0.8 (−4.8, 1.9) | 0.75 (−1.8, 4.1) | 0.65 | 0.70 | 1.00 |
| Body weight change (%) | 0.7 (−0.23, 1.3) | −0.6 (−1.1, 0.7) | *0.02 | −0.13 (−0.6, 0.4) | −0.2 (−1, 0) | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.88 |
| DBQ | −0.5 (−2, 2) | −0.5 (−2, 1) | 0.76 | 1.5 (−1.5, 3) | 1.5 (−2, 3.5) | 0.94 | 0.50 | 0.59 |
| MEBS | ||||||||
| Total scores | −2.5 (−4, 1) | 2.5 (−1, 5) | 0.17 | 0.5 (−2.5, 3.5) | −0.5 (−4, 1) | 0.53 | 0.35 | 0.13 |
| Focusing eating | −0.5 (−1, 1) | −0.5 (−4, 0) | 0.57 | 0.5 (−1.5, 1.5) | 0 (−1, 1) | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.26 |
| Eating with awareness | 0 (−1, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0.25 | 0 (−0.5, 1.5) | −0.5 (−1.5, 0.5) | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.11 |
| Eating in response to hunger and satiety cues | 0 (−1, 0) | 0.5 (0, 2) | 0.06 | 0 (0, 1) | −0.5 (−2, 1) | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.12 |
| Eating without distraction | −1 (−3, 0) | 0.5 (0, 1) | 0.26 | −1 (−2, –0.5) | − 1 (−2, 1) | 0.32 | 0.65 | 0.30 |
| BSRS-5 | 0 (−3, 0) | 1 (0, 1) | 0.23 | 0.5 (−0.5, 1) | 0.5 (−1, 2) | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.85 |
| BDI-II | −0.5 (− 3, 5) | 0 (−1, 2) | 0.68 | −4.5 (−6.5, 0.5) | 1 (−1.5, 3.5) | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.65 |
| PSQI | 0 (−1, 1) | 0 (−1, 1) | 0.72 | 0 (−2, 0) | 2 (0, 2) | 0.08 | 0.33 | 0.09 |
| IPAQ-SF (MET/week) | −33 (−405, 80) | 53 (−40, 252) | 0.28 | −906 (−198.4, 83.5) | −100 (−182.5, 56.5) | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| WHOQOL | ||||||||
| Total scores | −0.14(−0.57, 1) | 0.35 (0, 1.1) | 0.44 | −0.35 (−0.9, 0.35) | 0.3 (− 0.07, 0.9) | 0.33 | 0.45 | 0.72 |
| Physiological aspect | 0 (−0.6, 1.1) | 0 (−1.1, 0.6) | 0.92 | 0.6 (−0.6, 1.4) | 0.3 (0, 0.6) | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.62 |
| Psychological aspect | −0.67 (−0.67, 0.67) | 0.67 (0, 2) | 0.22 | −0.33 (−1.3, 1.3) | 0.33 (−1.6, 1.3) | 0.94 | 0.69 | 0.33 |
| Social relationship | −0.5 (−1, 1) | 0 (−1, 2) | 0.57 | −1 (−2, 0.5) | 0.5 (−0.5, 2) | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.79 |
| Environment scope | 0.2 (−0.4, 0.8) | 0.4 (0, 1.3) | 0.51 | −0.2 (−0.7, 0.4) | 0 (−0.2, 1.3) | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.75 |
DBQ Dietary Behavior Questionnaire; MEBS Mindful Eating Behavior Scale; BSRS-5 five-item Brief Symptoms Rating Scale; BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory II; PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form; MET metabolic equivalent;. WHOQOL WHO quality of life.
*p < 0.05, by Wilcoxon matched-pairs sign-rank test; Data were median (interquartile range).
Δ1: median of differences between measures at baseline and day 30 (the end of period 1).
Δ2: median of differences between measures at day 30 (the end of period 2) and day 60 (the end of period 2).