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. 2023 Apr 6;11:1063250. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1063250

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Copyright © 2023 Roggan, Kronenberg, Wollert, Hoffmann, Nisar, Konda, Diegeler, Liemersdorf and Hellweg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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γH2AX and 53BP1 foci form in astrocytes' nuclei after exposure to iron ions. Astrocytes were mock-irradiated (0 Gy) or irradiated with 2 Gy of ⁵⁶Fe ions and fixed at different time points for immunofluorescence staining of the DNA double strand marker γH2AX and the DNA repair protein 53BP1. 53BP1 as a marker protein expressed mainly during non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) was assessed as indicator of DNA repair pathway choice. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) for all images. (A) Exemplary images of γH2AX (green) immunostaining of astrocytes. Scale bar: 50 μm. (B) Exemplary images of 53BP1 (red) immunostaining. Bar: 50 μm.